Risk of fracture in celiac disease: Gender, dietary compliance, or both?

Table 3 Crude risk of fracture, adjusted risk of fractures and incidence rates (events/1000 subjects per year) in the peripheral skeleton in celiac disease patients compared to control population according to gender

	CD patients	Controls	HR (95% CI)	P
Before diagnosis
Overall population
IR	8.67	5.64	1.53 (1.05-2.14)	0.01
Adjusted HR			1.78 (1.23-2.56)	0.002
Females
IR	6.58	5.09	1.28 (0.87-1.88)	NS
Adjusted HR			1.52 (0.99-2.32)	0.052
Males
IR	29.35	10.20	2.67 (1.37-5.22)	0.004
Adjusted HR			2.63 (1.24-5.59)	0.01
After diagnosis
Overall population
IR	7.45	6.04	1.28 (0.74-2.21)	NS
Adjusted HR			No significant change
Females
IR	5.48	5.30	1.08 (0.55-2.10)	NS
Adjusted HR			No significant change
Males
IR	18.02	9.83	1.57 (0.57-4.26)	NS
Adjusted HR			No significant change

Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted by age at enrollment, age at diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits and menopause. CD: Celiac disease; IR: Incidence rate.