Negundoside, an iridiod glycoside from leaves of Vitex negundo, protects human liver cells against calcium-mediated toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride

Figure 14 Effect of NG and silymarin against CCl₄-depleted cAMP levels. Pre-incubated, (1 hour at mentioned concentrations of NG and silymarin) HuH-7 cells were exposed to 2 mmol/L CCl₄ for 24 h. cAMP levels were determined in the cell culture supernatants as described in Materials and Methods. Forskolin (100 &mgr;mol/L) was used as positive control. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and are from representative experiments repeated twice and conducted in triplicate. Statistical significance: ^bP < 0.001 vs the untreated control. ^dP < 0.001 vs CCl₄-treated cells.