Progress in treatment of massive ascites and hepatorenal syndrome

Table 4 Definition of hepatorenal syndrome according to the consensus of the International Ascites Club[9]

HRS Type 1: Rapidly progressing renal failure (< 2 wk) ≥ 2-fold increase of serum creatinine to > 221μmol/L or 50% decrease of creatinine clearance to < 20mL/min

HRS Type 2: Not rapidly progressing renal failure

Serum creatinine > 132.6 μmol/L or

Creatinine clearance < 40mL/min

Absence of shock, ongoing bacterial infection, current or recent treatment with nephrotoxic drugs, gastrointestinal or renal fluid loss

No sustained improvement upon withdrawal of diuretics and plasma volume expansion

Proteinuria < 0.5g/d, no abnormalities of renal ultrasound