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©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2015; 21(44): 12696-12708
Published online Nov 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12696
Published online Nov 28, 2015. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12696
Probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy of the pancreatobiliary system
Majid A Almadi, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
Majid A Almadi, Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3G 1A4, Canada
Helmut Neumann, Department of Medicine I, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Author contributions: Almadi MA contributed to the concept of the manuscript, study design and acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafted the manuscript, final revisions and made the final approval; and Neumann H contributed to concept of the manuscript, study design, interpretation of data, made revisions and made the final approval.
Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University through the Research Group Project number RGP-VPP-279.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Majid A Almadi: “No relevant conflicts of interest exist”; Helmut Neumann: Consultant for Pentax, Mauna Kea Technologies, SpectraScience; Funding from Pentax, SpectraScience, Olympus, Siemens, Smart Medical, Fujifilm.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Majid A Almadi, MBBS, FRCPC, MSc, Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, PO Box 2925 (59), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. maalmadi@ksu.edu.sa
Telephone: +966-11-4679167 Fax: +966-11-4671217
Received: March 28, 2015
Peer-review started: March 29, 2015
First decision: June 19, 2015
Revised: July 8, 2015
Accepted: September 13, 2015
Article in press: September 14, 2015
Published online: November 28, 2015
Peer-review started: March 29, 2015
First decision: June 19, 2015
Revised: July 8, 2015
Accepted: September 13, 2015
Article in press: September 14, 2015
Published online: November 28, 2015
Core Tip
Core tip: Current endoscopic evaluation of biliary and pancreatic duct strictures and pancreatic lesions using standard methods are suboptimal. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is starting to establish a role in such cases with multiple studies suggesting that image interpretation is not as difficult as initially perceived. Furthermore the diagnostic discriminatory value of images obtained by CLE could decrease the need for repeated and invasive investigations, as the case in the serous cystadenomas. Although classification systems have been developed and improved with regards to the performance of CLE in biliary strictures they are still evolving for pancreatic lesions and require further validation.