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World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14, 2014; 20(6): 1544-1553
Published online Feb 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1544
Published online Feb 14, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1544
Incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in England and Wales: Changing patterns and ethnic variations
Nimzing G Ladep, Shahid A Khan, Mary ME Crossey, Andrew V Thillainayagam, Simon D Taylor-Robinson, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Mireille B Toledano, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Ladep NG conceptualised, designed, analysed, wrote and submitted data for publication; Khan SA supervised data analyses, writing and provided intellectual support; Crossey MME provided intellectual and literary contribution; Thillainayagam AV participated in writing, review and supervision of the data; Taylor-Robinson SD participated in the design, supervision, writing and overall aspects of the study; Toledano MB is the custodian of the data from Small Area Health Statistics Unit, she supervised all aspects of the study and approved the journal to be submitted to.
Correspondence to: Dr. Mireille B Toledano, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom. m.toledano@imperial.ac.uk
Telephone: +44-20-75943298 Fax: +44-20-75943298
Received: September 12, 2013
Revised: November 18, 2013
Accepted: December 3, 2013
Published online: February 14, 2014
Revised: November 18, 2013
Accepted: December 3, 2013
Published online: February 14, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: It has been widely reported that primary liver cancer (PLC) has a poor prognosis and is increasing in many industrialised countries. We highlight an ongoing increase in the incidence of PLC in England and Wales, rendering artefactual explanations for the increase ever less convincing and, for the first time, describe ethnic variability in the incidence. More widespread use of histology in the confirmation of PLC is being embarked upon in England and Wales. These findings suggest that more aggressive screening efforts would be beneficial in England and Wales so as to improve survival. Targeted prevention programmes, including vaccination of at-risk population may be worthwhile.