Brief Article
Copyright ©2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. May 21, 2013; 19(19): 2956-2962
Published online May 21, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i19.2956
Intraperitoneal perfusion of cytokine-induced killer cells with local hyperthermia for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Xiao-Pu Wang, Meng Xu, Hong-Fei Gao, Jian-Fu Zhao, Ke-Cheng Xu
Xiao-Pu Wang, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510620, Guangdong Province, China
Xiao-Pu Wang, Department of Oncology, Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 511495, Guangdong Province, China
Meng Xu, Hong-Fei Gao, Jian-Fu Zhao, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510620, Guangdong Province, China
Ke-Cheng Xu, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
Author contributions: Wang XP and Xu M contributed equally to this work; Xu M and Xu KC designed research; Wang XP and Xu M performed research; Zhao JF provided new reagents or analytic tools; Gao HF analyzed data; Wang XP and Xu M wrote the paper.
Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81273814
Correspondence to: Meng Xu, MD, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510620, Guangdong Province, China. xumengjinan@yahoo.com
Telephone: +86-20-38993900 Fax: +86-20-38688000
Received: January 23, 2013
Revised: March 24, 2013
Accepted: April 10, 2013
Published online: May 21, 2013
Abstract

AIM: To study the effect and tolerance of intraperitoneal perfusion of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in combination with local radio frequency (RF) hyperthermia in patients with advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODS: Patients with advanced primary HCC were included in this study. CIK cells were perfused intraperitoneal twice a week, using 3.2 × 109 to 3.6 × 109 cells each session. Local RF hyperthermia was performed 2 h after intraperitoneal perfusion. Following an interval of one month, the next course of treatment was administered. Patients received treatment until disease progression. Tumor size, immune indices (CD3+, CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, abdominal circumference and adverse events were recorded. Time to progression and overall survival (OS) were calculated.

RESULTS: From June 2010 to July 2011, 31 patients diagnosed with advanced primary HCC received intraperitoneal perfusion of CIK cells in combination with local RF hyperthermia in our study. Patients received an average of 4.2 ± 0.6 treatment courses (range, 1-8 courses). Patients were followed up for 8.3 ± 0.7 mo (range, 2-12 mo). Following combination treatment, CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD3+CD56+ cells increased from 35.78% ± 3.51%, 24.61% ± 4.19% and 5.94% ± 0.87% to 45.83% ± 2.48% (P = 0.016), 39.67% ± 3.38% (P = 0.008) and 10.72% ± 0.67% (P = 0.001), respectively. AFP decreased from 167.67 ± 22.44 to 99.89 ± 22.05 ng/mL (P = 0.001) and abdominal circumference decreased from 97.50 ± 3.45 cm to 87.17 ± 4.40 cm (P = 0.002). The disease control rate was 67.7%. The most common adverse events were low fever and slight abdominal erubescence, which resolved without treatment. The median time to progression was 6.1 mo. The 3-, 6- and 9-mo and 1-year survival rates were 93.5%, 77.4%, 41.9% and 17.4%, respectively. The median OS was 8.5 mo.

CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal perfusion of CIK cells in combination with local RF hyperthermia is safe, can efficiently improve immunological status, and may prolong survival in HCC patients.

Keywords: Cytokine-induced killer cell, Radio frequency hyperthermia, Primary hepatocellular carcinoma, Intraperitoneal perfusion, Clinical observation

Core tip: Intraperitoneal perfusion of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in combination with local radio frequencyc hyperthermia can result in a high concentration of CIK cells. This treatment can efficiently improve immunological status, and attack small lesions in the abdominal wall, which can reduce ascites and relieve abdominal distention. This comprehensive treatment may prolong survival time and improve quality of life in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.