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Effect of b Value on Imaging Quality for Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Spinal Cord at Ultrahigh Field Strength. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4836804. [PMID: 33506018 PMCID: PMC7806383 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4836804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the optimal b value setting for diffusion tensor imaging of rats' spinal cord at ultrahigh field strength (7 T). Methods Spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging data were collected from 14 rats (5 healthy, 9 spinal cord injured) with a series of b values (200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 s/mm2) under the condition that other scanning parameters were consistent. The image quality (including image signal-to-noise ratio and image distortion degree) and data quality (i.e., the stability and consistency of the DTI-derived parameters, referred to as data stability and data consistency) were quantitatively evaluated. The min-max normalization method was used to process the calculation results of the four indicators. Finally, the image and data quality under each b value were synthesized to determine the optimal b value. Results b = 200 s/mm2 and b = 900 s/mm2 ranked in the top two of the comprehensive evaluation, with the best image quality at b = 200 s/mm2 and the best data quality at b = 900 s/mm2. Conclusion Considering the shortcomings of the ability of low b values to reflect the microstructure, b = 900 s/mm2 can be used as the optimal b value for 7 T spinal cord diffusion tensor scanning.
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Wilson MP, Patel D, Murad MH, McInnes MDF, Katlariwala P, Low G. Diagnostic Performance of MRI in the Detection of Renal Lipid-Poor Angiomyolipomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Radiology 2020; 296:511-520. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P. Wilson
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
| | - Deelan Patel
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
| | - Mohammad H. Murad
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
| | - Matthew D. F. McInnes
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
| | - Prayash Katlariwala
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
| | - Gavin Low
- From the Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7 (M.P.W., D.P., P.K., G.L.); Evidence-based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (M.H.M.); and Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada (M.D.F.M.)
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Diagnostic test accuracy of ADC values for identification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:4023-4038. [PMID: 32144458 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of renal tumor subtypes and meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of ADC for differentiation of localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other renal tumor types. METHODS Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published until May 1, 2019, that reported ADC values of renal tumors. Methodological quality was evaluated. For the meta-analysis on diagnostic test accuracy of ADC for differentiation of ccRCC from other renal lesions, we applied a bivariate random-effects model and compared two subgroups of ADC measurement with vs. without cystic and necrotic areas. RESULTS We included 48 studies (2588 lesions) in the systematic review and 13 studies (1126 lesions) in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in ADC of renal parenchyma using b values of 0-800 vs. 0-1000 (p = 0.08). ADC measured on selected portions (sADC) excluding cystic and necrotic areas differed significantly from whole-lesion ADC (wADC) (p = 0.002). Compared to ccRCC, minimal-fat angiomyolipoma, papillary RCC, and chromophobe RCC showed significantly lower sADC while oncocytoma exhibited higher sADC. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity to differentiate ccRCC from other tumors were 80% (95% CI, 0.76-0.88) and 78% (95% CI, 0.64-0.89), respectively, for sADC and 77% (95% CI, 0.59-0.90) and 77% (95% CI, 0.69-0.86) for wADC. sADC offered a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than wADC (0.852 vs. 0.785, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS ADC values of kidney tumors that exclude cystic or necrotic areas more accurately differentiate ccRCC from other renal tumor types than whole-lesion ADC values. KEY POINTS • Selective ADC of renal tumors, excluding cystic and necrotic areas, provides better discriminatory ability than whole-lesion ADC to differentiate clear cell RCC from other renal lesions, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.852 vs. 0.785, respectively (p = 0.02). • Selective ADC of renal masses provides moderate sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 78%, respectively, for differentiation of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, oncocytoma, and minimal-fat angiomyolipoma. • Selective ADC excluding cystic and necrotic areas are preferable to whole-lesion ADC as an additional tool to multiphasic MRI to differentiate clear cell RCC from other renal lesions whether the highest b value is 800 or 1000.
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Cui D, Liang T, Sun L, Meng L, Yang C, Wang L, Liang T, Li Q. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with extract of hawthorn fruit induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:528-534. [PMID: 30387372 PMCID: PMC6225412 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1510974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their unique properties and potential bioactivities. Considering that hawthorn is both a traditional medicine and a common edible food, hawthorn fruit extract (HE) was chosen as a reductant to prepare SeNPs. OBJECTIVE SeNPs were synthesized by using an aqueous HE as a reductant and stabilizer. The antitumor activities and potential mechanisms of SeNPs were explored by using a series of cellular assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HE mediated SeNPs (HE-SeNPs) were examined using various characterisation methods. The cytotoxicity was measured against HepG2 cells after treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL of HE-SeNPs for 24 h. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis was performed to observe the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated. Finally, the protein expression levels of caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were identified by Western blot. RESULTS The mono-dispersed and stable SeNPs were prepared with an average size of 113 nm. HE-SeNPs showed obvious antitumor activities towards HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 19.22 ± 5.3 μg/mL. Results from flow cytometry revealed that both early and total apoptosis rates increased after treating with HE-SeNPs. After cells were treated with various concentrations of HE-SeNPs (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) for 24 h, the total rate increased to 7.3 ± 0.5, 9.7 ± 1.7 and 19.2 ± 1.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment of HE-SeNPs up-regulated intracellular ROS levels and reduced the MMP. In addition, HE-SeNPs induced the up-regulation of caspase-9 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HE-SeNPs induced intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to initiate HepG2 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, HE-SeNPs may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liqian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Congcong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Taigang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
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Zhou JY, Wang YC, Zeng CH, Ju SH. Renal Functional MRI and Its Application. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:863-881. [PMID: 30102436 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal function varies according to the nature and stage of diseases. Renal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a technique considered superior to the most common method used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate, allows for noninvasive, accurate measurements of renal structures and functions in both animals and humans. It has become increasingly prevalent in research and clinical applications. In recent years, renal fMRI has developed rapidly with progress in MRI hardware and emerging postprocessing algorithms. Function-related imaging markers can be acquired via renal fMRI, encompassing water molecular diffusion, perfusion, and oxygenation. This review focuses on the progression and challenges of the main renal fMRI methods, including dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, arterial spin labeling, fat fraction imaging, and their recent clinical applications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:863-881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chu-Hui Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Zhu NY, Zhao XS, Miao F. Magnetic resonance imaging and Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity: Correlations and concordance. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2279-2290. [PMID: 29881237 PMCID: PMC5989242 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).
METHODS This was a retrospective study of 104 patients with CD that were treated at the Ruijin Hospital between March 2015 and May 2016. Among them, 61 patients with active CD were evaluated before/after treatment. MRI and endoscopy were performed within 7 d. CDEIS was evaluated. MRI parameters included MaRIA scores, total relative contrast enhancement (tRCE), arterial RCE (aRCE), portal RCE (pRCE), delay phase RCE (dRCE), and apparent diffusion coefficient. The correlation and concordance between multiple MRI findings and CDEIS changes before and after CD treatment were examined.
RESULTS Among the 104 patients, 61 patients were classified as active CD and 43 patients as inactive CD. Gender, age, disease duration, and disease location were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). CRP levels were higher in the active group than in the inactive group (25.12 ± 4.12 vs 5.14 ± 0.98 mg/L, P < 0.001). Before treatment, the correlations between CDEIS and MaRIAs in all patients were r = 0.772 for tRCE, r = 0.754 for aRCE, r = 0.738 for pRCE, and r = 0.712 for dRCE (all MaRIAs, P < 0.001), followed by MRI single indexes. Among the active CD patients, 44 cases were remitted to inactive CD after treatment. The correlations between CDEIS and MaRIAs were r = 0.712 for aRCE, r = 0.705 for tRCE, r = 0.685 for pRCE, and r = 0.634 for dRCE (all MaRIAs, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Arterial MaRIA should be an indicator for CD follow-up and dynamic assessment. CD treatment assessment was not completely concordant between CDEIS and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xue-Song Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Renal Angiomyolipoma: Radiologic Classification and Imaging Features According to the Amount of Fat. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 209:826-835. [PMID: 28726505 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.17.17973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of this article are to introduce the radiologic classifications of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and the clinical implications, to show the imaging features of each type of AML, and to describe which types of AML should be biopsied. CONCLUSION Renal AML can be classified according to amount of fat as fat rich, fat poor, or fat invisible. To detect fat, one needs to thoroughly evaluate the entire AML by controlling the size and shape of the ROI. Fat-invisible AML should be biopsied, and fat-poor AML requires further investigation to determine whether biopsy is necessary to differentiate it from renal cell carcinoma. If differentiation between AML and renal cell carcinoma is not clear with CT and MRI, percutaneous biopsy may be performed.
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Priyadarshini P, Bisoi AK, Chauhan S, Vyas S, Gupta SD, Chumber S. Benevolent Renal Angiomyolipoma with Intra-cardiac Extension-A Challenge in Diagnosis and Management. Indian J Surg 2017; 79:259-261. [PMID: 28659682 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-016-1553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While intra-caval and intra-cardiac extension of retroperitoneal tumors is extremely rare, it is almost unheard-of in benign tumors. We report the challenges in diagnosis and management of the first case of a renal angiomyolipoma (AML) with intra-ventricular extension in a young man who presented with pain and a lump in the abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Priyadarshini
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110049 India
| | - A K Bisoi
- Department of Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Chauhan
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Vyas
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Datta Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Chumber
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110049 India
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Wang YT, Li YC, Kong WF, Yin LL, Pu H. Diffusion tensor imaging beyond brains: Applications in abdominal and pelvic organs. World J Meta-Anal 2017; 5:71-79. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v5.i3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided critical functional information in addition to the anatomic profiles offered by conventional MRI, and has been enormously used in the initial diagnosis and followed evaluation of various diseases. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a newly developed and advanced technique that measures the diffusion properties including both diffusion motion and its direction in situ, and has been extensively applied in central nerve system with acknowledged success. Technical advances have enabled DTI in abdominal and pelvic organs. Its application is increasing, yet remains less understood. A systematic overview of clinical application of DTI in abdominal and pelvic organs such as liver, pancreas, kidneys, prostate, uterus, etc., is therefore presented. Exploration of techniques with less artifacts and more normative post-processing enabled generally satisfactory image quality and repeatability of measurement. DTI appears to be more valuable in the evaluation of diffused diseases of organs with highly directionally arranged structures, such as the assessment of function impairment of native and transplanted kidneys. However, the utility of DTI to diagnose focal lesions, such as liver mass, pancreatic and prostate tumor, remains limited. Besides, diffusion of different layers of the uterus and the fiber structure disruption can be depicted by DTI. Finally, a discussion of future directions of research is given. The underlying heterogeneous pathologic conditions of certain diseases need to be further differentiated, and it is suggested that DTI parameters might potentially depict certain pathologic characterization such as cell density. Nevertheless, DTI should be better integrated into the current multi-modality evaluation in clinical practice.
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