Value of elastography point quantification in improving the diagnostic accuracy of early diabetic kidney disease

Table 1 Differences of clinical data, laboratory indicators and ultrasound indicators in diabetes group, early diabetic kidney disease group, and medium diabetic kidney disease group

	Diabetes group (n = 40)	Early DKD group (n = 36)	Medium DKD group (n = 33)	F/X2 value	P value
Gender (Male/Female)	21/19	20/16	17/16	0.126	0.939
Age (yr)	56.61 ± 10.11	55.21 ± 10.56	57.53 ± 11.46	0.973	0.412
Diabetes duration (yr)	3.55 ± 1.65	5.44 ± 1.70a	6.73 ± 5.69a	4.931	0.003
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	128.2 ± 19.60	130.0 ± 18.40	133.5 ± 22.10	1.735	0.162
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	76.6 ± 16.50	80.1 ± 15.40	82.5 ± 16.20	1.836	0.146
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 0.6	5.5 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 1.3	1.022	0.388
HBA1C (%)	6.80 ± 1.25	7.22 ± 1.66	7.54 ± 1.38	2.391	0.073
UAER (mg/24 h)	13.94 ± 1.85	15.35 ± 8.71a	61.74 ± 23.72ab	5.822	< 0.001
BUN (mmol/L)	4.91 ± 2.04	5.73 ± 1.23	6.59 ± 2.45a	3.702	0.014
Scr (μmol/L)	55.83 ± 14.12	61.75 ± 11.20	69.23 ± 13.56a	4.523	0.005
Ccr (ml/min)	105.12 ± 15.1	98.23 ± 17.1	83.57 ± 23.7a	3.821	0.012
CysC (mg/L)	0.73 ± 0.49	1.06 ± 0.67	1.79 ± 0.88a	3.044	0.032
UA (μmol/L)	249.31 ± 60.45	256.22 ± 58.24	266.84 ± 54.26	2.251	0.087
TG (mmol/L)	1.85 ± 1.36	1.92 ± 1.55	2.03 ± 1.42	2.362	0.075
HDL (mmol/L)	1.25 ± 0.35	1.09 ± 0.23	1.13 ± 0.35	1.703	0.172
LDL (mmol/L)	2.66 ± 0.55	2.85 ± 0.57	2.82 ± 0.55	2.022	0.115
YM (kPa)
Renal cortex	5.51 ± 1.53	7.93 ± 2.66a	16.68 ± 4.48ab	0.383	0.021
Renal medullary	4.29 ± 1.62	6.67 ± 3.22	8.32 ± 3.56	2.571	0.058
Renal sinus	2.89 ± 1.32	3.46 ± 1.24	3.81 ± 1.05	2.493	0.064
Renal artery RI	0.64 ± 0.06	0.69 ± 0.08	0.76 ± 0.09a	3.182	0.027
Renal volume (mL)	105 ± 16.91	116 ± 17.10	112 ± 16.35	2.044	0.113
Renal parenchymal thickness (mm)	13.89 ± 2.66	14.57 ± 1.87	10.99 ± 1.83ab	3.181	0.015

^aP < 0.05 vs the diabetes group;

^bP < 0.05 vs the early diabetic kidney disease group. DKD: Diabetic kidney disease; HBA1C: Hemoglobin A1C; UAER: Urinary albumin excretion rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Scr: Serum creatinine; Ccr: Creatinine clearance; CysC: Cystatin C; UA: Urinary albumin; TG: Triglyceride; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; YM: Young's Modulus; RI: Resistance index.

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression of the development from early diabetic kidney disease into medium diabetic kidney disease

	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower limit	Upper limit
Diabetes duration	0.233	0.414	1.236	0.083	1.263	0.561	2.843
UAER	0.545	0.124	7.161	< 0.001	1.725	1.353	2.200
BUN	1.076	0.794	0.883	0.183	2.934	0.619	13.910
Scr	0.177	0.372	0.368	0.294	1.194	0.576	2.475
Ccr	-0.134	0.126	0.802	0.195	0.875	0.684	1.120
CysC	0.989	0.583	1.094	0.116	2.688	0.857	8.427
Renocortical YM	1.565	0.391	5.294	< 0.001	4.782	2.222	10.290
Renal artery RI	0.318	0.218	1.584	0.068	1.375	0.897	2.108
Renal parenchymal thickness	0.777	0.268	2.947	0.013	2.174	1.286	3.676

UAER: Urinary albumin excretion rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Scr: Serum creatinine; Ccr: Creatinine clearance; CysC: Cystatin C; YM: Young's Modulus; RI: Resistance index.

Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression of the development from simple diabetes into early diabetic kidney disease

	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
						Lower limit	Upper limit
Diabetes duration	0.325	0.084	3.087	0.041	1.384	1.174	1.632
UAER	0.493	0.182	3.295	0.034	1.638	1.147	2.340
BUN	1.027	0.649	0.683	0.207	2.794	0.783	9.969
Scr	0.185	0.482	0.446	0.278	1.203	0.468	3.094
Ccr	-0.087	0.183	0.808	0.201	0.917	0.641	1.313
CysC	0.953	0.575	0.732	0.205	2.593	0.840	8.003
Renocortical YM	1.333	0.264	3.742	0.017	3.792	2.260	6.362
Renal artery RI	0.459	0.482	0.963	0.193	1.583	0.615	4.072
Renal parenchymal thickness	0.911	0.637	2.859	0.083	2.486	0.713	8.664

UAER: Urinary albumin excretion rate; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Scr: Serum creatinine; Ccr: Creatinine clearance; CysC: Cystatin C; YM: Young's Modulus; RI: Resistance index.