Impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on the quality of life of Polish patients

Table 1 Mean values of variables analyzed in the study population in general and according to gender and age

Variable	Sex			Age			Total, n = 118
	M, n = 43	F, n = 75	Sig.	< 50 yr, n = 62	≥ 50 yr, n = 56	Sig.
Age	41.8 (13.21)	48.4 (12.09)	0.0044	NA	NA	NA	46.0 (12.86)
BMI	26.0 (3.37)	24.7 (4.51)	0.034	24.0 (3.78)	26.4 (4.25)	0.003	25.2 (4.17)
GERD symptoms	47.6 (26.4)	43.6 (24.65)	0.43	44.4 (23.24)	45.7 (27.53)	0.75	45.0 (25.26)
Stress	19.9 (6.87)	18.8 (3.79)	0.65	18.5 (4.98)	20.0 (5.2)	0.13	19.2 (5.13)
PF	79.8 (19.88)	78.7 (17.69)	0.54	87.1 (12.66)	70.3 (19.85)	0.000001	79.1 (18.44)
RP	60.3 (29.06)	61.7 (22.12)	0.88	67.1 (24.59)	54.6 (23.43)	0.011	61.2 (24.76)
BP	51.3 (29.45)	42.8 (21.18)	0.12	50.4 (25.41)	40.9 (23.19)	0.027	45.9 (24.74)
GH	53.0 (20.46)	52.4 (16.44)	0.96	58.9 (18.51)	45.7 (14.5)	0.00003	52.6 (17.92)
Vt	47.7 (17.31)	51.1 (17.19)	0.42	51.7 (16.29)	47.7 (18.14)	0.21	49.8 (17.23)
SF	62.5 (23.31)	64.0 (24.05)	0.74	65.3 (24)	61.4 (23.39)	0.35	63.5 (23.69)
RE	65.5 (29.07)	68.8 (24.05)	0.70	74.5 (24.97)	60.0 (25)	0.0022	67.6 (25.92)
MH	56.5 (18.47)	55.5 (17.18)	0.49	57.4 (17.15)	54.2 (18.06)	0.39	55.9 (17.59)
HT	3.5 (1.03)	3.4 (0.84)	0.62	3.3 (0.84)	3.6 (0.97)	0.12	3.4 (0.91)
PCS	45.7 (8.69)	44.3 (7.07)	0.42	47.6 (6.33)	41.7 (7.92)	0.000068	44.8 (7.69)
MCS	39.1 (11.47)	40.4 (10.38)	0.73	40.9 (10.78)	38.9 (10.74)	0.39	39.9 (10.76)

NA: Not applicable; BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; PF: Physical functioning; RP: Physical problems; BP: Bodily pain; GH: General health perceptions; Vt: Vitality; SF: Social functioning; RE: Role limitations due to emotional problems; MH: Mental health perceptions; HT: Health Transition; PCS: Physical Component Summary; MCS: Mental Component Summary.

Table 2 Effect of selected variables on health-related quality of life measured using SF-36

Variable explained (percent of variability explained1)	Explanatory variables2	Beta	Sig.
PF (41%)	Stress	-0.37	0.000002
	Age	-0.31	0.000097
	BMI	-0.24	0.0022
	GERD Symptoms	-0.15	0.045
RP (36%)	Stress	-0.47	< 0.000001
	BMI	-0.26	0.0006
	GERD Symptoms	-0.18	0.022
BP (29%)	Stress	-0.41	0.000002
	GERD Symptoms	-0.25	0.002
	Sex (1 = M, 2 = F)	-0.17	0.028
GH (37%)	Stress	-0.43	< 0.000001
	Age	-0.31	0.00005
	GERD Symptoms	-0.17	0.028
Vt (45%)	Stress	-0.67	< 0.000001
SF (32%)	Stress	-0.49	< 0.000001
	GERD Symptoms	-0.21	0.010
RE (44%)	Stress	-0.56	< 0.000001
	GERD Symptoms	-0.21	0.004
	BMI	-0.20	0.005
MH (59%)	Stress	-0.77	< 0.000001
PCS (30%)	Stress	-0.29	0.00041
	Age	-0.35	0.000017
	GERD Symptoms	-0.22	0.0061
MCS (53%)	Stress	-0.68	< 0.000001
	GERD Symptoms	-0.13	0.047

¹Adjusted R square × 100;

²Variables: Stress, age, PF and BP were transformed to minimize their skewness. PF: Physical functioning; RP: Physical problems; BP: Bodily pain; GH: General health perceptions; Vt: Vitality; BMI: Body mass index; GERD: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; SF: Social functioning; RE: Role limitations due to emotional problems; MH: Mental health perceptions; PCS: Physical Component Summary; MCS: Mental Component Summary.