Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration to treat choledocholithiasis in situs inversus patients: A technical review

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics of situs inversus patients treated by laparoscopic bile duct exploration in the literature review

Ref.	Year	Age	Sex	Medical history	Presentation	Diagnostic tools for CBD stone	Preoperative intervention
Kang et al[21]	2004	64	F	Atrial fibrillation	Jaundice, abnormal liver function	Echo, CT, MRCP	Nil
Tai et al[20]	2004	NA	F	Arrhythmia with pacemaker implantation	NA	NA	ERCP
Weber-Sánchez et al[15]	2011	60	M	NA	Jaundice, cholecystitis	NA	NA
Han et al[16]	2012	71	F	NA	NA	CT	ERCP
Liu et al[8]	2017	51	F	Nil	Cholecystitis, abnormal liver function	CT, MRCP	Nil
Senthilnathan et al[17]	2017	76	F	Gallbladder stone s/p open cholecystectomy	NA	NA	ERCP
Takalkar et al[19]	2018	50	F	NA	Jaundice, abnormal liver function, cholecystitis	Echo, MRCP	ERCP + ERBD
Simkhada et al[18]	2021	63	F	HTN, hypothyroidism, CKD	NA	MRCP	ERCP
Our case	2022	79	F	HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, CKD, ectopic pregnancy	Jaundice, abnormal liver function, cholecystitis	CT	Nil

F: Female; M: Male; s/p: Status post; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CT: Computed tomography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; NA: Not available; CBD: Common bile duct.

Table 2 Intraoperative characteristics of situs inversus patients treated by laparoscopic bile duct exploration in the literature review

Ref.	Year	IOC	Incision number	Style	Position	Surgeon site	Working hand	Choledochoscopy	CBDE route	Approach technique
Kang et al[21]	2004	N	4	MirA	NA	Right side	Left	Yes	Choledochotomy with T-tube closure	Choledochoscopy
Tai et al[20]	2004	N	4a	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Weber-Sánchez et al[15]	2011	N	4a	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Han et al[16]	2012	N	4	MirCon	NA	NA	NA	Yes	Choledochotomy	Choledochoscopy
Liu et al[8]	2017	N	4a	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Senthilnathan et al[17]	2017	Y	4	MirCon	Supine, split legs	Between legs	NA	No	Choledochotomy with CDDb	Balloon and saline sweep
Takalkar et al[19]	2018	N	4	MirA	NA	NA	NA	No	Choledochotomy with CDDc	NA
Simkhada et al[18]	2021	N	4	MirA	Lithotomy	Right side	Left	Yes	Choledochotomy with primary closure	Endo-forceps
Our case	2022	Y	1	SP	Reverse Trendelenburg	Right side	Right	No	Transcystic approach	Basket in catheter

^aDefined as conventional in study.

^bUnderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy six months prior. Found common bile duct stone and small residual gallbladder containing stone this time.

^cDue to significant dilation of the common bile duct (> 2 cm).

IOC: Intraoperative cholangiogram; MirA: Mirrored American; MirCon: Mirrored conventional; SP: Single-port. CDD: Choledochoduodenostomy; CBDE: Common bile duct exploration; NA: Not available; N: No; Y: Yes.

Table 3 Operative results of situs inversus patients treated by laparoscopic bile duct exploration in the literature review

Ref.	Year	OP time (min)	Conversion	PLOS (d)	Complication	Mortality	Follow-up (mo)
Kang et al[21]	2004	240	No	NA	NA	Nil	Nil
Tai et al[20]	2004	NA	No	NA	Nil	Nil	Nil
Weber-Sánchez et al[15]	2011	NA	No	NA	NA	Nil	Nil
Han et al[16]	2012	129	No	NA	Nil	Nil	Nil
Liu et al[8]	2017	NA	No	5	Nil	Nil	Nil
Senthilnathan et al[17]	2017	NA	No	7	Nil	Nil	Nil
Takalkar et al[19]	2018	NA	No	NA	NA	Nil	Nil
Simkhada et al[18]	2021	NA	No	NA	NA	Nil	Nil
Our case	2022	152	No	3	Nil	Nil	24.5

OP: Operative; PLOS: Postoperative length of hospital stay; NA: Not available.