Copyright
©The Author(s) 2018. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Towards a better understanding of anesthesia emergence mechanisms: Research and clinical implications
Marco Cascella, Sabrina Bimonte, Division of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Department of Supportive Care, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale” - IRCSS, Naples 80131, Italy
Maria Rosaria Muzio, Division of Infantile Neuropsychiatry, UOMI-Maternal and Infant Health, ASL NA3 SUD Torre del Greco, Naples 80059, Italy.
Author contributions: Cascella M and Muzio MR contributed equally to this work, generated the table and wrote the manuscript; Bimonte S contributed to the writing of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Marco Cascella, MD, Academic Fellow, Professor, Division of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Department of Supportive Care, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale” - IRCSS, Via Mariano Semmola, Naples 80100, Italy. m.cascella@istitutotumori.na.it
Telephone: +39-81-5903586 Fax: +39-81-5903778
Received: June 29, 2018
Peer-review started: June 30, 2018
First decision: July 19, 2018
Revised: August 1, 2018
Accepted: August 26, 2018
Article in press: August 26, 2018
Published online: October 12, 2018
Peer-review started: June 30, 2018
First decision: July 19, 2018
Revised: August 1, 2018
Accepted: August 26, 2018
Article in press: August 26, 2018
Published online: October 12, 2018
Core Tip
Core tip: Emergence from general anesthesia is not simply the reverse process of induction. The exhaustive knowledge of its complex neurobiological mechanisms is mandatory for avoiding or limiting a large number of anesthesia complications including altered mental status, and emergency awareness. Moreover, in a fascinating translational perspective, the study on this topic could provide new insights into the processes involved in cortical arousal, offering significant data to the research on brain arousal. On the other hand, research on the sleep-wake regulatory network, and on alterations in arousal processes could provide interesting suggestions for the general anesthesia research.