Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Jun 26, 2017; 7(2): 46-54
Published online Jun 26, 2017. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i2.46
Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas, Jose Gerosa-Neto, Nelo Eidy Zanchi, Fabio Santos Lira, Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas, Jose Gerosa-Neto, Fabio Santos Lira, Fabrício Eduardo Rossi, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil
Nelo Eidy Zanchi, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA 65085-580, Brazil
Author contributions: de Freitas MC, Gerosa-Neto J, Zanchi NE and Rossi FE carried out the study design, field work, and drafted the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Fabio Santos Lira, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Roberto Simonsen Street, nº 305 - Educacional center, Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil. fabiolira@fct.unesp.br
Telephone: +55-18-32295826 Fax: +55-18-32295388
Received: August 31, 2016
Peer-review started: September 5, 2016
First decision: November 10, 2016
Revised: March 10, 2017
Accepted: March 16, 2017
Article in press: March 17, 2017
Published online: June 26, 2017
Core Tip

Core tip: This review aimed to describe practical applications for inducing metabolic stress and the potential effects on the increase of systemic hormonal release, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species production, and cell swelling. These effects are responsible for enhancing muscle adaptations through changes in exercise routines (intensity, volume, rest between sets) and training modes (resistance training, low-intensity resistance training plus blood flow restriction, and high intensity interval training).