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©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Methodol. Jun 26, 2016; 6(2): 133-142
Published online Jun 26, 2016. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i2.133
Published online Jun 26, 2016. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i2.133
Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A1c in diabetes mellitus
Ilkka Penttilä, Jukka Törrönen, Rainer Rauramaa, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70100 Kuopio, Finland
Karri Penttilä, Finnish Medicines Agency FIMEA, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Päivi Holm, Fimlab Laboratories Ltd., 30430 Tampere, Finland
Harri Laitinen, Päivi Ranta, Labquality Ltd., 00530 Helsinki, Finland
Author contributions: All authors equally contributed to this paper with conception and design of the study, literature review and analysis, drafting and critical revision and editing, and final approval of the final version.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors indicate that none of the authors have no potential conflicts of interest related to the manuscript and that they have had not any financial support. Ilkka Penttilä, MD, PhD, Emeritus Professor is the survey expert for glycohemoglobin of Labquality Ltd, Harri Laitinen is PhM and the International relationship manager of Labquality Ltd., and Päivi Ranta is specialist of clinical biochemistry for HbA1c surveys of Labquality Ltd, Päivi Holm is the specialist in clinical biochemistry for mpere university hospital, Karri Penttilä, MD, PhD is specialist in internal medicine and hematology acting as the clinician for this report, and Rainer Rauramaa, MD, PhD professor as the chief of the Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine. The numerical data from Labquality Ltd. has been received with permission for this report.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Ilkka Penttilä, MD, PhD, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Haapaniementie 16, 70100 Kuopio, Finland. ilkka.penttila@uef.fi
Telephone: +358-40-5825564
Received: September 19, 2015
Peer-review started: September 22, 2015
First decision: October 30, 2015
Revised: March 1, 2016
Accepted: March 24, 2016
Article in press: March 25, 2016
Published online: June 26, 2016
Peer-review started: September 22, 2015
First decision: October 30, 2015
Revised: March 1, 2016
Accepted: March 24, 2016
Article in press: March 25, 2016
Published online: June 26, 2016
Core Tip
Core tip: The aim of this review is to clarify methods, units, quality requirements, reference and cutoff limits for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and ratio of blood glucose/HbA1c on the basis of the results from Finnish quality control surveys by comparing them to the literature. The HbA1c surveys of Labquality Ltd. (Helsinki, Finland) were started in 1986 by using two fresh EDTA-blood samples. From 1994, the number of the participating laboratories had risen to 139, of which 75 were Finnish and 64 from five other countries. In 2014, the number of the participating laboratories was total 214, 141 were Finnish and 73 from 13 other countries.