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World J Transl Med. Nov 28, 2026; 12(4): 124606
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.124606
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.124606
Lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice: From genetic risk assessment to therapeutic silencing
Lucas D Feliciano, João P C Freire, Caio F Lopes, Pedro H M Lima, Juan M C Costa, Fabrício Freire de Melo, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
Author contributions: Feliciano LD contributed to the conceptualization of the manuscript; Feliciano LD, Freire JPC, Lopes CF and Lima PHM contributed to the investigation and wrote the original draft; Feliciano LD and Lima PHM developed the tables; Feliciano LD and de Melo FF were responsible for manuscript editing and review; Costa JMC developed the figures; de Melo FF supervised the writing of the original draft; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: The authors acknowledge the use of the Gemini (Google) language model as an assistive technology during the preparation of this manuscript, specifically for language editing and formatting assistance. The tool was not used to generate data, perform analyses, or draw scientific conclusions. The authors agree to take full responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript, including any parts for which AI tools were used as assistive technology. The authors confirm that all AI-assisted outputs were carefully reviewed, verified, and validated. The authors assume full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
Corresponding author: Fabrício Freire de Melo, PhD, Professor, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros 58, Quadra 17, Lote 58, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil. freiremeloufba@gmail.com
Received: June 22, 2026
Revised: July 27, 2026
Accepted: September 11, 2026
Published online: November 28, 2026
Processing time: 138 Days and 7.1 Hours
Revised: July 27, 2026
Accepted: September 11, 2026
Published online: November 28, 2026
Processing time: 138 Days and 7.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is increasingly recognized as an important genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor with proatherogenic, proinflammatory, and prothrombotic properties that contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve disease. This review discusses the molecular structure, genetic determinants, pathogenic mecha