Prevalence and outcomes of polycystic kidney disease in African populations: A systematic review

Table 1 Characteristics of the different included studies

Ref.	Country	Patients	Design	Study period	Number of cases	Mean age (yr)	Gender M/F
Hajji et al[4], 2019	Tunisia	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	1969-2016	569	48.5	297/272
Arogundade et al[5], 2018	Nigeria	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	1996-2010	41	48.6 4.6	23/18
Chijioke et al[6], 2010	Nigeria	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	1994-2009	78	49.8 3.6	52/26
Ogiator et al[7], 2021	Nigeria	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	2013-2020	19	42.8 16.9	10/9
Mawufemo et al[8], 2018	Togo	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	2010-2017	27	51.6 16.4	10/17
Fary Ka et al[9], 2010	Senegal	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	1995-2005	55	47.0 5.0	31/24
Okyere et al[10], 2021	Ghana	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	2007-2018	82	43.8 15.7	43/39
Laleye et al[11], 2012	Benin	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	2000-2010	32	47.2	17/15
Abdelwahed et al[12], 2022	Tunisia	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	NA	19	47 18	10/9
Abdelwahed et al[13], 2018	Tunisia	ADPKD	Observational descriptive	NA	18	45	8/10
Seck et al[14], 2013	Senegal	ADPKD	Case report	NA	1	41	0/1
Sahnoun et al[16], 2015	Tunisia	ADPKD	Case report	NA	1	52	1/0
Nabhan et al[15], 2015	Egypt	ARPKD	Case report	NA	1	2.5	0/1
Total					943	47.9	502/441

ADPKD: Autosomic dominant polycystic kidney disease; ARPKD: Autosomic recessive polycystic kidney disease; NA: Not available.

Table 2 Main clinical manifestations at presentation

Ref.	HTN (%)	Pain (%)	Hematuria (%)	Abdominal mass (%)	KFI (%)	ESKD (%)
Hajji et al[4], 2019	58.8	51.9	24.6	66.0	74.7	23.0
Arogundade et al[5], 2018	87.8	68.3	36.6	82.9	100.0	19.5
Chijioke et al[6], 2010	26.9	14.1	NA	NA	32.0	NA
Ogiator et al[7], 2021	42.1	68.4	31.6	NA	63.2	15.8
Mawufemo et al[8], 2018	77.8	63.0	22.2	63.0	63.0	25.9
Fary Ka et al[9], 2010	65.4	52.7	25.4	NA	NA	NA
Okyere et al[10], 2021	50.0	39.0	2.4	NA	81.7	15.9
Laleye et al[11], 2012	59.0	62.0	46.0	43.0	72.0	NA
Abdelwahed et al[12], 2022	57.9	NA	26.3	NA	89.5	NA
Abdelwahed et al[13], 2018	72.2	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Pooled prevalence [95%IC]	57.4 [54.2–60.6]	49.1 [45.8–52.3]	24.0 [21.1–26.9]	65.8 [62.2–69.4]	72.1 [69.1–75.1]	21.9 [18.9–24.9]

NA: Not available; HTN: Hypertension; KFI: Kidney function impairment; ESKD: End stage kidney disease.

Table 3 Genetic analysis finding

Gene	Exon/Intron	Nucleotide change	Aminoacid change	Number of patients	Ref.
PKD 1	4	c.496 C>T	p.L166	2	[12]
	5	c.696 T>G	p.C232W	2	[12,13]
	5	c.688 T>G	p.C230G	1	[12]
	5	c.690 C>G	p.C230W	1	[12]
	7	c.1522 T>C	p.C508R	1	[12]
	8	c.1702 G>A	p.A568T	1	[12]
	9	c.1745_1761dup	NA	1	[11]
	15	c.4264 G>A	p.A1422T	1	[12]
	15	c.5577 T>C	p.A1859	1	[12]
	15	c.4495 C>T	p.L1499	2	[12]
	15	NA	p.Q1651X	1	[11]
	15	NA	p.W1666X	1	[11]
	15	NA	c.6575_6581del	1	[11]
	18	c.7290_7291delinsCTGCA	NA	2	[11,14]
	IVS22	c.8161-1 G>A	Likely silent	4	[12]
	IVS42	c.11712+28 C>T	Likely silent	1	[12]
	23	c.8679 C>G	p.S893	1	[12]
	23	c.8715 C>T	p.V2905	1	[12]
	23	c.8748 T>C	p.P2916	2	[12]
	23	c.8522 A>G	p.N2841S	1	[12]
	23	NA	p.Q2824X	1	[11]
	26	c.9397+1_9397+8del	NA	1	[11]
	28	c.9669 G>A	p.T3223	2	[12]
	30	c.3367G>A	p.G1123S	1	[15]
	31	c.10165 G>C	p.E3389Gln	1	[12]
	44	c.12133 A>G	p.I4045V	1	[12]
	45	c.12276 A>G	p.A4092	2	[12,16]
PKD 2	1	c.568 G>A	p.A190T	2	[12]
	1	c.83 G>C	p.A28P	2	[12]
	IVS1	c.596-16 C>T	Likely silent	1	[12]
PKHD1		c.3367G>A	p.G1123S	1	[15]

In bold: New mutation found. NA: Not available.