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Buti M, Bonanni P, Ladep N, Papatheodoridis G, Frühwein M, James C, Ward JW, Vetter V, Cacciatore P, Kesters D, Dewda P, Van Damme P. Toward elimination of hepatitis A and B in Europe: vaccination successes, challenges, and opportunities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2025; 24:373-383. [PMID: 40357587 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2502030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 05/01/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B and hepatitis A are vaccine-preventable infections of global concern. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccines available in Europe are underutilized in some age groups. While most European countries implemented childhood HBV universal routine vaccination (URV), vaccination coverage among adults remains low. Low HAV vaccination coverage among high-risk populations due to variable national vaccination policies, low awareness of vaccination benefits, and other barriers, increases the risk for outbreaks. AREAS COVERED We discuss the awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis A burden in different populations in Europe, vaccination recommendations, successes, challenges, and opportunities for their implementation. EXPERT OPINION Awareness of at-risk populations and HBV/HAV vaccination recommendations should be raised among healthcare providers and the general population to increase access to vaccination. Increasing awareness that HBV vaccination contributes to reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma can motivate adults to get vaccinated. Adult HBV URV may be considered in Europe, as in the United States, pending cost-effectiveness assessment at national levels. HAV vaccination recommendations should be updated and expanded to all at-risk persons. National HBV/HAV targets and vaccination strategies should be actively promoted to accelerate the elimination of viral hepatitis in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Valle Hebrón, CIBER del Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nimzing Ladep
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- 1st Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Health Sciences, Athens, Greece
| | - Markus Frühwein
- Dr. Frühwein & Partner - Praxis für Allgemein-, Tropen- und Reisemedizin, München, Germany
| | | | - John W Ward
- Coalition for Global Hepatitis Elimination, Task Force for Global Health, Decaturx, GA, USA
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ahlers L, Kash B, Billion T, Mirza M, Tauseef A. Trends in viral hepatitis-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2022: A retrospective study. World J Hepatol 2025; 17:106940. [DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i5.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 04/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is characterized by a group of hepatotropic viruses that contribute to high rates of liver disease and mortality. It is well-documented that viral hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer and liver failure, with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C being the most common viruses associated with these outcomes.
AIM To study viral hepatitis-related mortality trends from 1999 to 2022, focusing on gender, race/ethnicity, age, region, and urban/rural classifications.
METHODS We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to identify viral hepatitis-related deaths in the United States from 1999 to 2022. Data on demographic and regional information were analyzed and stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, age, regional, and urban rural classifications. Using the Joinpoint Regression Program (version 4.9.0.0 used, available from the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) the annual percentage change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) were calculated with 95%CI for extracted Age Adjusted Mortality Rates (AAMR).
RESULTS From 1999 to 2022, there were 389916 viral hepatitis-related deaths in the United States. The overall AAMR increased from 1999 to 2013 (APC: 3.20%; 95%CI: 2.54-3.99; P < 0.001), then declined through 2022 (APC: -5.54%; 95%CI: -6.75 to -4.47; P < 0.001). Males accounted for 70.4% of deaths, with steeper declines in females (AAPC: -0.48%; 95%CI: -0.87 to -0.12; P < 0.05). The American Indian/Alaska Native population had the highest AAMR (AAPC: 2.90%; 95%CI: 2.30 to 3.68; P < 0.001). The population of 65-74 years had the largest increase in overall crude mortality rate (AAPC: 3.20%; 95%CI: 2.77 to 3.85; P < 0.001). Mortality was highest in the West (AAPC: –0.78%; 95%CI –1.28 to –0.29; P < 0.05). Rural AAMR exceeded urban rates after 2015.
CONCLUSION This study found significant racial, ethnic, and geographical disparities in viral hepatitis AAMR. Key factors for mortality reduction include patient education, screening, and access to hepatitis vaccination and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Ahlers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Benjamin Kash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Taylor Billion
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Mohsin Mirza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
| | - Abubakar Tauseef
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, United States
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Roro GM, Annose RT, Gilja OH. Changing trends in upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Ethiopia: A comparison of eighteen thousand exams across two periods. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17:106690. [DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i5.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 04/02/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/12/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative changes in the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have been reported worldwide over the past decades. However, data on changing trends of upper GI diseases remain scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the shifting patterns of upper GI endoscopic findings over 35 years in Ethiopia.
AIM To analyze trends in upper GI endoscopic findings over two distinct time periods, 35 years apart, in Ethiopia.
METHODS We extracted findings from 8412 upper GI endoscopies performed between 2016 and 2024 at a tertiary referral center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patient characteristics, indications, and endoscopic findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables, map and graphs. These findings were compared to 10000 procedures conducted between 1979 and 1994. Key endoscopic findings were identified, and percentage changes in disease prevalence were calculated.
RESULTS Between the two study periods, the male-to-female ratio of patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy shifted from 2:1 to 1.4:1, while the median patient age increased from 36 to 40 years. The proportion of patients older than 50 years doubled (14.6% to 30.2%), and referrals from outside Addis Ababa increased from 33% to 57%. The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and its complications decreased from 46.2% to 9.5%. Conversely, gastroesophageal varices increased from 9.5% to 21.8%, and upper GI malignancies rose from 3.6% to 18.8%.
CONCLUSION This study sheds light on critical epidemiological shifts in upper GI diseases in Ethiopia, with a decline in peptic ulcer disease and a rise in portal hypertensive lesions and malignancies which have important public health implications. These findings underscore the need for increased awareness, improved clinical practices, enhanced resource allocation, and expanded access to early diagnosis and treatment of prevailing conditions. Preventive strategies targeting immunization and treatment of viral hepatitis, schistosomiasis, and Helicobacter pylori infection are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guda M Roro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Rodas T Annose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa 9086, Ethiopia
| | - Odd H Gilja
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen 5020, Norway
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5020, Norway
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Kakh M, Doroudchi M, Talepoor A. Induction of Regulatory T Cells After Virus Infection and Vaccination. Immunology 2025. [PMID: 40329764 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been proven to be one of the safest and most effective ways to prevent and combat diseases. However, the main focus has been on the evaluation of the potency of effector mechanisms and the lack of adverse effects of vaccine candidates. Recently, the importance of induced regulatory mechanisms of the immune system after vaccination has come to light. With the increase in our knowledge about these regulatory mechanisms including the regulatory T cells (Tregs), we have come to understand the significance of this arm of the immune system in controlling immunopathology and/or diminishing the effectiveness of vaccines, especially viral vaccines. Tregs play a dual role during infectious diseases by limiting immune-mediated pathology and also contributing to chronic pathogen persistence by decreasing effector immunity and clearance of infection. Tregs may also affect immune responses after vaccination primarily by inhibiting antigen presenting cell function such as cytokine secretion and co-stimulatory molecule expression as well as effector T (Teff) and B cell function. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the induction of Tregs after several life-threatening virus infections and their available vaccines to bring them to the spotlight and emphasise that studying viral-induced antigen-specific Tregs will help us improve the effectiveness and decrease the immunopathology or side effects of viral vaccines. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04357444.
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Affiliation(s)
- MansourehKarimi Kakh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - AtefeGhamar Talepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ming BW, Liu WH, Li L, Zhang JL, Liu J, Ma JJ, Huang HN, Zhang ZB, Ou CQ. Effectiveness of catch-up vaccination from 2009 to 2011 on incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China: a time series analysis. BMC Public Health 2025; 25:1551. [PMID: 40281566 PMCID: PMC12032708 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-22437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of hepatitis B weighs heavily on public health in China. In 2009, a catch-up vaccination program for children aged 8-15y was implemented to curb hepatitis B, while the effectiveness of this intervention has not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of catch-up vaccination on the incidence of hepatitis B in Guangzhou, China. METHODS We obtained individual data of all hepatitis B cases from 2005 to 2019 in Guangzhou from Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. Based on daily reported number of cases, we constructed generalized linear models to estimate the effectiveness of the intervention on the incidence of hepatitis B in each age group from 11 to 25 years. We further estimated the age-standardized effectiveness. Finally, we examined the effectiveness in different subgroups by sex and clinical types of hepatitis B. RESULTS A total of 58,204 hepatitis B cases among individuals aged 11-25y were reported in Guangzhou from 2005 to 2019, with an average annual age-standardized incidence of 117.30 cases per 100,000 individuals. The catch-up vaccination contributed to an age-standardized 20.02% (95% confidence interval: 15.97%, 23.87%) decrease in the hepatitis B incidence among individuals aged 11-25y and prevented an annual age-standardized average of 17.40 (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 9.24, 23.78) cases per 100,000 individuals from hepatitis B during the study period. The intervention could better protect males (excess incidence rate [EIR]: -21.82 [95% eCI: -30.51, -10.15] cases per 100,000 individuals), and prevent chronic cases (EIR: -24.27 [95% eCI: -30.62, -16.09] cases per 100,000 individuals). CONCLUSIONS The massive catch-up vaccination against hepatitis B among children plays an important role in alleviating the burden of hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jin-Lun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hao-Neng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhou-Bin Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Kim HJ, Lee SH, Park YS, Seo DW, Seo KW, Kim DK, Jang YH, Lim JH, Cho YE. Utility of edible plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles as a novel delivery platform for vaccine antigen delivery. Vaccine 2025; 52:126902. [PMID: 40014983 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PENVs) contain various biomolecules that can be used as delivery cargoes, such as small compounds, small interfering RNAs, DNAs, and recombinant proteins. Edible PENVs are nontoxic, useful for oral administration, and easily prepared in high amounts from a variety of plants, vegetables, and fruits. In this study, we evaluated whether PENVs can be used as delivery cargoes for recombinant vaccine antigens. Thus, we isolated PENVs from grapefruits and mandarin oranges by differential centrifugation and characterized their sizes and morphologies. Our results showed lipid bilayer morphologies of grapefruit-derived nanovesicles (GNVs) with the average size of 46 ± 8.5 nm and mandarin orange-derived NVs (MNVs) with the average size of 227 ± 6.4 nm. However, exposure to GNVs and MNVs did not cause cytotoxicity in Vero monkey kidneys or in MDCK canine kidney cells. To evaluate their utility as carriers of mRNA or recombinant proteins, GNVs and MNVs were loaded with GFP mRNA, Alexa Fluor 647-labeled heat shock protein 70 (AF-HSP70), or recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Our results showed that mRNA-GFP, human HSP70 protein, and HBsAg were efficiently loaded into both GNVs and MNVs. Interestingly, the oral administration of HBsAg-loaded GNVs to mice resulted in significantly higher levels of serum IgG than in the experimental control group (HBsAg without NVs). Therefore, our results report, for the first time, that edible PENVs loaded with HBsAg administered to mice via oral vaccination were effective in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Yu-Seong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Seo
- Innovation Center for Vaccine Industry, Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Jang
- Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Lim
- Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea.
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea.
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Marjani A, Alavian SM, Nassiri Toosi M, Alavian SH, Abazari MF, Khamseh A, Jazayeri SM. Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review. Clin Exp Med 2025; 25:113. [PMID: 40210771 PMCID: PMC11985588 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-025-01645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025]
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the significant challenges worldwide. Despite the availability of antiviral drugs against this virus, the most critical strategy to prevent HBV infection is HB vaccination. Basically, despite widespread conventional HB vaccination, due to various reasons, including waning of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer after vaccination, the emergence of vaccine-escape mutants, failure to respond to the vaccine due to viral and host factors, levels of response in high-risk individuals and non-responders to conventional HB vaccination remains a major, unsolved and severe concern. This review focuses on the underlying reasons for conventional hepatitis B vaccination failures. It also suggests solutions to overcome these failures by highlighting significant advances in vaccination, including hepatitis B third-generation vaccines and adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccines as efficient alternatives to second-generation vaccines. Potentially, these new strategies will compensate for the shortcomings caused by second-generation vaccines. Adherence to these denouements has a significant role in preventing the circulation of HBV among individuals and reducing the global burden of HBV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Marjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohssen Nassiri Toosi
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Azam Khamseh
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pan Y, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Jiang J. Estimates of the global prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection in population under 18 years old: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int 2025:10.1007/s12072-025-10816-4. [PMID: 40184003 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-025-10816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is defined by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, while HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) remains undetectable. The infectivity of OBI and its potential ability to contribute to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported, with infection in children potentially leading to more severe outcomes. However, the global prevalence and disease burden remain unclear, and this study aimed to assess the prevalence of OBI in population under 18 years old. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Chinese databases for articles evaluating OBI in population under 18 years old. The prevalence of OBI was pooled after quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 49 studies was included, allowing a meta-analysis of 1,070,526 HBsAg-negative individuals. Data from 28 and 25 studies were extracted for analysis of the high- and low-risk population, respectively. The overall prevalence of OBI in population ≤ 18 years old was 2.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9%-3.8%] and 9.7% (95% CI: 4.9%-15.8%) in the low- and high-risk population, respectively. In the subgroup analysis of the high-risk population, the OBI prevalence in the African, Eastern Mediterranean, and Western Pacific regions was 21.5% (95% CI: 0.0%-69.9%), 26.8% (95% CI: 13.0%-43.4%), and 4.3% (95% CI: 1.5%-8.2%), respectively. The OBI prevalence was 6.3% (95% CI: 2.7%-11.1%) in children born to mothers infected with HBV, 20.5% (95% CI: 0.0%-66.6%) in population infected with HIV or HCV, and 37.8% (95% CI: 30.8%-45.1%) in population who received blood transfusion. The OBI prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 2.4%-11.0%) in participants whose mothers were infected with HBV and vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) and HBIG, 7.1% (95% CI: 0.0%-22.9%) in participants only vaccinated with HepB. CONCLUSION The global prevalence of OBI among individuals under 18 years old, particularly in high-risk population, cannot be neglected. Given the stealthy transmission of OBI and its potential for serious clinical outcomes, OBI in population younger than 18 years old should be emphasized as a global health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1163, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhifang Jia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yangyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1163, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1163, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 1, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Ren C, Cui X, Wang H, Jin C, Gao L, Li Y, Wang W, Yao T, Zhang D, Feng Y, Wang K, Wang S. In virto priming of the STING signaling pathway enhances the maturation and activation of dendritic cells induced by hepatitis B vaccine. Immunol Lett 2025; 272:106977. [PMID: 39921064 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2025.106977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the STING signaling pathway in enhancing dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and activation in response to the hepatitis B vaccine. By analyzing the GSE52894 dataset, we compared differentially expressed genes between mature dendritic cells (mDCs) and immature dendritic cells (iDCs). In vitro, iDCs were treated with the STING agonist 2'3'-cGAMP, either alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the hepatitis B vaccine, to assess the expression of costimulatory molecules and key signaling molecules in the STING pathway, including STING, pNF-κBp65, and pIRF3. The results indicated that mDCs expressed significantly higher levels of STING mRNA compared to iDCs (P < 0.01). Treatment with 2'3'-cGAMP increased STING expression and activated downstream signaling molecules pNF-κBp65 and pIRF3. Co-treatment with 2'3'-cGAMP and LPS upregulated costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD11c) more effectively than LPS alone (P < 0.05). Co-treatment with 2'3'-cGAMP and the hepatitis B vaccine resulted in significantly higher expression of costimulatory molecules compared to vaccine-only treatment. Furthermore, co-treatment with 2'3'-cGAMP and the hepatitis B vaccine enhanced STING, pNF-κBp65, and pIRF3 expression relative to vaccine alone. Mixed lymphocyte reaction assays demonstrated that the 2'3'-cGAMP and hepatitis B vaccine co-treatment group had a significantly stronger effect on the proliferation of CD4+T cells compared to the vaccine-only treatment group. In conclusion, 2'3'-cGAMP enhances DCs maturation and promotes CD4+T cells proliferation in response to the hepatitis B vaccine by activating the STING/IRF3 and STING/NF-κB pathways, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant to improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Ren
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xufeng Cui
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Huixin Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Cong Jin
- School of Health Services and Management, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Linying Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yandi Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Weigang Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Tian Yao
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; First Hospital/ First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Demei Zhang
- Taiyuan Blood Center, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Keke Wang
- First Hospital/ First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Suping Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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10
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Aremu DO, Maxim A, Aremu SO, Aremu DE, Terhemen YD, Itodo SO, Barkhadle AA. The interplay of socio-demographic factors and disease prevalence: insights into malaria, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2025; 44:67. [PMID: 40051006 PMCID: PMC11883923 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-025-00779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases, including malaria, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and Hepatitis C virus (HCV), remain significant public health concerns in developing regions like Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, age, income level, and access to healthcare resources, have been shown to influence the prevalence and outcomes of these diseases. Despite their importance, there is limited research exploring the interrelationship between these infections and socio-demographic factors within this region. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of malaria, HBsAg, and HCV among patients in Lafia, Nigeria, and to examine the relationship between these infections and socio-demographic factors. Specifically, it seeks to identify correlations between demographic variables, clinical manifestations, and health behaviors, such as mosquito net usage and vaccination status. METHOD A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 264 patients from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires which were pretested in a previous study to gather demographic information, vaccination status, and clinical symptoms. Laboratory assessments confirmed the presence of malaria, HBsAg, and HCV. Statistical analysis, including correlations between socio-demographic factors and disease prevalence were analyzed, and used to identify associations between socio-demographic factors, clinical manifestations, and disease prevalence. RESULTS Significant findings include a negative correlation between male sex and malaria infection (Pearson Correlation = -0.139, p = 0.024), a positive correlation between age and HCV prevalence (Pearson Correlation = 0.218, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation between the use of mosquito nets and malaria infection (Pearson Correlation = -0.231, p < 0.001). Additionally, HBsAg-positive individuals exhibited more pronounced clinical symptoms (Pearson Correlation = 0.173, p = 0.005), while higher income levels correlated with reduced mosquito net usage (Pearson Correlation = -0.144, p = 0.020). The study underscores the role of socio-demographic factors in shaping the prevalence of malaria, HBsAg, and HCV. CONCLUSION This study highlights the interplay between socio-demographic factors and the prevalence of malaria, HBsAg, and HCV in Lafia, Nigeria. It underscores the importance of comprehensive public health interventions tailored to the specific needs of the population to reduce disease burden and improve health outcomes, including health education, to address socio-economic vulnerabilities and promote preventive measures such as mosquito net usage. Addressing these factors could mitigate the burden of infectious diseases in Lafia and similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas Oluwakemi Aremu
- Sechenov University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen Olaide Aremu
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Control Institute, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Samuel Olusegun Itodo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Benue State University, Benue State, Makurdi, Nigeria
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11
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Shrilall C, Arbuthnot P, Ely A. In Vitro Transcribed Artificial Primary MicroRNA for the Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Gene Expression in Cultured Cells. Microorganisms 2025; 13:604. [PMID: 40142497 PMCID: PMC11946339 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Available interventions for the management of chronic hepatitis B (hepB) exhibit limited efficacy and barriers to vaccination against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) have hampered prophylaxis programmes. Development of potent therapeutics capable of functional cure of chronic hepB thus remains a relevant medical objective. RNA interference (RNAi) can be exploited to effect potent and specific silencing of target genes through the introduction of RNA sequences that mimic the natural activators of the pathway. To achieve a therapeutic effect, artificial primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) have been used extensively to target various viruses, including HBV. To date artificial pri-miRNAs have exclusively been produced from DNA expression cassettes. Although this achieves impressive silencing, eventual translation of this platform to the clinic is complicated by the requirement for viral vectors to deliver DNA. Consequently, clinical translation has been slow. Recently, the use of in vitro transcribed RNA, specifically to produce mRNA vaccines at industrial scale, has gained significant interest. We therefore sought to evaluate the feasibility of using in vitro transcribed artificial pri-miRNAs for the inhibition of HBV gene expression. Artificial HBV-targeting pri-miR-31 sequences, which are highly effective when expressed in cells from a DNA template, demonstrated modest silencing of viral replication when incorporated into mRNA that was transcribed in vitro. Off-target effects were also observed. Characterisation revealed that intracellular processing of the artificial pri-miRNAs was inefficient and non-specific effects were caused by stimulation of the interferon response. Nevertheless, optimised nuclear delivery of the artificial pri-miRNAs should improve their processing and achieve better anti-hepB efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullah Ely
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (C.S.); (P.A.)
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12
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Madihi S, Boukaira S, Benani A. Advancing hepatitis B elimination: A systematic review of global immunization progress and future directions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2025; 111:116666. [PMID: 39729954 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/29/2024]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of eliminating viral hepatitis B and C by 2030. Vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) remains the most effective strategy for controlling and eliminating Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The development of HepB vaccines started with plasma-derived vaccines, which have since been largely replaced by safer and more effective recombinant vaccines, now considered the gold standard for preventing HBV infections. More recently, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a promising platform. This study aims to review and provide an up-to-date comparative analysis of the characteristics, efficacy, effectiveness, and the impact of variants of concern across 17 HepB vaccines. It also highlights the global progress of HepB vaccination, with 191 implementing HepB vaccination for the entire country, and an estimated HBV prevalence of 0.7 % among children under 5 years in 2022. This achievement is driven by the strong safety profiles, high immunogenicity, and robust efficacy of current vaccines, which have demonstrated minimal side effects. Nevertheless, challenges persist in certain populations that do not respond adequately to vaccination. Here, we report the updated guidelines and propose strategies to improve the effectiveness of HepB vaccination for these specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Madihi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Samia Boukaira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelouaheb Benani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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13
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Hussein NR, Abozait HJ, Naqid IA, Ibrahim NMR, Khalid FK, Musa DH, Saleem ZSM. Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2025; 17:e2025018. [PMID: 40084100 PMCID: PMC11906120 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2025.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective vaccines, immunoglobulins and antiviral medications, HBV prevalence remains high in developing regions. This study investigates the potential risk factors associated with HBV infection in the Kurdistan region of Iraq to aid in developing targeted prevention strategies.
Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 4091 participants from Duhok and Zakho, in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Data on demographics and potential risk factors were collected via a structured questionnaire. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) was screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine infection status. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent risk factors.
Results: The mean age of enrolled participants was 29.33 years ± 10.74. Among them, 2851/4091 (69.69%) were females, 3385/4091 (82.74%) were residents of city and 3682/4091 (88.68%) were married. The prevalence of HBV infection among them was 3.67% (150/4091) and the following factors were significantly associated with HBV infection: female gender (p = 0.001), rural residency (p = 0.001), being married (p = 0.0014). Though a history of general operation and tattooing was found to be associated with HBV infection, this association was lost in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05) possibly due to confounding effect. A history of receiving blood or dental procedure was not significantly associated with HBV infection (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infection in Duhok and Zakho remains high and several predictive factors were identified which can be used to target infection control measures. Future research should focus on a population-based study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection to better inform public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawfal R Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho independent administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Halder J Abozait
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Ibrahim A Naqid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho independent administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nashwan MR Ibrahim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Fatima K Khalid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Zakho, Zakho independent administration, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Dildar H Musa
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Zana SM Saleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan region, Iraq
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Zhang YK, Tong JB, Tan J, Yang M, Xing XY, Zeng YR, Xue Z, Tan CJ. Study on the anti-HBV activity of matrine alkaloids from Oxytropis ochrocephala by MTT, 3d-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2025; 27:442-459. [PMID: 39297208 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2402369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
To elucidate the structure-activity relationship of 17 matrine alkaloids from Oxytropis ochrocephala Bunge, their effect on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion was studied using the MTT assay. A 3D-QSAR analysis showed a strong correlation between chemical structures and biological activities (q2 = 0.625, r2 = 0.859). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with hepatitis B core protein (PDB:5T2P) are key to inhibiting HBsAg secretion, suggesting potential for developing natural anti-hepatitis B drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Zhang
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jian-Bo Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jing Tan
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zeng
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhan Xue
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University of Engineering Science, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Tan
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
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15
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Riches N, Henrion MYR, MacPherson P, Hahn C, Kachala R, Mitchell T, Murray D, Mzumara W, Nkoka O, Price AJ, Riches J, Seery A, Thom N, Loarec A, Lemoine M, Ndow G, Shimakawa Y, Thompson P, Morgan C, Desai S, Easterbrook P, Stockdale AJ. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in the WHO African region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 2025; 13:e447-e458. [PMID: 40021303 PMCID: PMC11868780 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More new infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occur annually in the WHO African region than in the rest of the world combined. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in pregnant women and vertical transmission events in the region. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Africa Index Medicus, and Africa Journals Online for publications between Jan 1, 1992, and Jan 7, 2024, with no language restrictions. HBsAg prevalence and vertical transmission (HBsAg positivity in children aged 6-12 months) were estimated with the use of binomial mixed models with logit links, stratified by infant vaccination status. We estimated HBsAg prevalence for subregions of Africa and for the WHO African region by weighting by estimated livebirths for each subregion. We estimated transmission events using WHO and UNICEF vaccine coverage data and UN population estimates. FINDINGS We included 113 studies reporting on HBsAg prevalence from 190 983 pregnant women and 11 studies reporting on vertical transmission. HBsAg prevalence in women receiving antenatal care in the WHO African region (based on 2014-23 data) was 6·2% (95% CI 5·3-7·2). No relationship between risk of bias and HBsAg prevalence was observed. In 2022, an estimated 172 000 vertical transmission events (95% CI 82 000-383 000) occurred (0·4% of livebirths), a fall from a peak of 339 000 (149 000-634 000; 1·2% of all livebirths) in 2001. Increasing birth dose vaccination coverage to the WHO target of 90% could reduce vertical transmission by 43·7% (95% CI 11·6-78·0) to 97 000 events per year (95% CI 58 000-160 000). Adding maternal antiviral prophylaxis with 90% coverage could reduce transmission by 86·3% (95% CI 78·4-94·6) to 24 000 events per year (95% CI 14 000-39 000; 0·06% of livebirths) and achieve WHO elimination targets. INTERPRETATION Vertical transmission is an important contributor to HBV transmission in the WHO African region. Scaling up of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination and antiviral prophylaxis is urgently needed, which could achieve elimination of vertical transmission. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Riches
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi; Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marc Y R Henrion
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Statistical Support Unit, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Peter MacPherson
- School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Camilla Hahn
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rabson Kachala
- Viral Hepatitis Programme, Department of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Thomas Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel Murray
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wongani Mzumara
- Viral Hepatitis Programme, Department of HIV/AIDS, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Owen Nkoka
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi; School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison J Price
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Riches
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Aoife Seery
- East Sussex Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Bexhill, UK
| | - Noel Thom
- Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Anne Loarec
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Gibril Ndow
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Insitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Paris, France
| | - Peyton Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Camille Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shalini Desai
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander J Stockdale
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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16
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Kassada DS, Rocha IDLP, Eberhardt LD. Hepatitis B Hospitalizations in Brazil: Temporal and Regional Patterns from 2008 to 2023. Viruses 2025; 17:348. [PMID: 40143280 PMCID: PMC11946661 DOI: 10.3390/v17030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2025] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/08/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B remains a significant global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where prevention and control measures often face challenges. In Brazil, substantial efforts have been made over the years to combat the burden caused by hepatitis B through public health interventions, including vaccination programs, antenatal screening, and prevention of vertical transmission. However, despite these advancements, disparities in disease trends persist across regions and vulnerable populations, requiring ongoing analysis and intervention. This study aimed to analyze the trend in hospital admissions for hepatitis B in Brazil from 2008 to 2023. Data were collected from the SUS Hospital Information System. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Joinpoint Regression Program (version 5.0.2), applying a 5% significance level to identify significant trends over the study period. A total of 19,735 hospitalizations for hepatitis B were recorded during the study period. The overall trend showed a significant decline in hospital admissions, reflecting the effectiveness of public health interventions such as expanded vaccination coverage, screening programs, and prevention strategies. Despite this overall decline, notable regional disparities were observed. The midwest region exhibited an increasing trend in hospitalizations, contrasting with the national decline. Furthermore, a concerning rise in hospital admissions among infants under one year of age was identified, indicating potential shortcomings in the prevention of the vertical transmission of the virus. This study highlights both the successes and persistent challenges in controlling hepatitis B hospitalizations in Brazil. Maintaining high vaccination coverage and implementing targeted public health campaigns for vulnerable populations are crucial for sustaining progress. The regional disparities and failures in vertical transmission prevention require continued attention and intervention to advance toward the goal of eliminating hepatitis B as a public health threat in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Satie Kassada
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas, 126 Tessália Vieira de Camargo Street, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil; (I.d.L.P.R.); (L.D.E.)
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17
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Padilla-Matas R, Salguero-Cano V, Soler-Iborte E, Baca-Hidalgo J, Pérez-Dionisio M, Gutiérrez-Linares S, Guerrero-Fernández de Alba I, Valero-Ubierna MDC, Fernández-Prada M, Rivera-Izquierdo M. Immunosuppressive Treatments and Risk Factors Associated with Non-Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2025; 13:184. [PMID: 40006731 PMCID: PMC11861145 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2025] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 02/11/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological response after the complete hepatitis B vaccination of patients according to the immunosuppressive treatment they underwent, and to identify potential factors associated with non-responders. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, and patients under immunosuppressive therapies were considered exposed. The main outcome was non-response to hepatitis B vaccination. Bivariate analysis was conducted to detect differences between exposed and non-exposed patients. A multivariable log-binomial regression model was designed to analyze potential factors independently associated with non-responders. Results: A total of 289 patients were included. Immunosuppressive treatment was associated with non-response to hepatitis B vaccination (RR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26-4.96). Concretely, the use of cytotoxic therapies showed increased risk, although anti-CD20 and anti-JAK also showed a tendency to be associated with non-responders. Other variables associated with non-responders were older age (6-7% higher risk per year), smoking (RR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.41-6.74) and certain vaccine regimens. These findings were similar for persistent non-responders despite an additional booster dose. Conclusions: Patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments, who are older in age or who are smokers have a higher risk of non-response to conventional hepatitis B vaccination. These data might serve to optimize hepatitis B vaccination in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Padilla-Matas
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - Victoria Salguero-Cano
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
- Doctorate Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Soler-Iborte
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - Javier Baca-Hidalgo
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - Marta Pérez-Dionisio
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - Soledad Gutiérrez-Linares
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernández de Alba
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
| | - María del Carmen Valero-Ubierna
- Service of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (E.S.-I.); (J.B.-H.); (M.P.-D.); (S.G.-L.); (I.G.-F.d.A.); (M.d.C.V.-U.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Fernández-Prada
- Preventive Medicine Service, Alvarez Buylla Hospital of Mieres, Mieres, 33611 Asturias, Spain;
| | - Mario Rivera-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Moustakim H, Amine A, Mohammadi H. Affordable infectious pathogen detection using a dual-mode biosensor integrating exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification with high-throughput 96-well microplate format. Enzyme Microb Technol 2025; 183:110549. [PMID: 39603231 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing challenge of infectious pathogens highlights the need for accurate and accessible methods to discern their genetic signatures, especially in resource-limited settings. In response to this crucial requirement, we introduce an affordable large-scale screening platform for infectious pathogen detection, using Hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a fundamental model. This proposed biosensor integrates an exonuclease III-assisted target recycling amplification strategy within a high-throughput 96-well microplate format. The HBV DNA target binds to a capture probe DNA and exonuclease III digests the probe to release the target. This mechanism enables the target to engage in binding cycles with new probes, each digested in turn, increasing detection sensitivity for even small quantities of HBV DNA. The implemented approach incorporates a biotin-streptavidin interaction allowing the undigested capture probe DNA to bind to a 5'-biotin-modified detection probe for effective HBV DNA quantification. This interaction generates a signal that, following the enzyme-substrate reaction, can be detected on-site using a smartphone, offering either optical or electrochemical readouts. The developed biosensor was capable of detecting HBV DNA with a detection limit of 5.62 fM and provided a considerable linear range covering concentrations from 100 fM to 100 nM. The determination of HBV DNA quantities in spiked human serum was achieved with a recovery of 90.0 % - 107.4 % as well. The results suggest that the developed dual-mode biosensor offers an adaptable and cost-effective approach for detecting infectious diseases, with promising applications in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring to support public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Moustakim
- Chemical Analysis and Biosensors Research Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aziz Amine
- Chemical Analysis and Biosensors Research Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hasna Mohammadi
- Chemical Analysis and Biosensors Research Group, Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco.
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19
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Ramrakhiani H, Le MH, Kam L, Nguyen B, Yeo YH, Levesley CR, Gudapati S, Barnett S, Cheung R, Nguyen MH. Long-Term Immunity and Anamnestic Response Following Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Viral Hepat 2025; 32:e70003. [PMID: 39831733 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.70003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach, this study determined the durability of HBV immunity and the prevalence of anamnestic response to a booster HBV vaccine dose in individuals previously vaccinated with a 3-dose HBV vaccine series as children or adolescents. Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane from inception to 6/1/2023 and performed data extraction. Studies that included individuals with significant comorbidities or < 5 years of follow-up were excluded. Of 2517 potential studies, we analysed 91 eligible studies (193,359 individuals from 208 cohorts [some studies provided data for more than one cohort]). Median age at vaccination was 0 years (range: 0-20.00). After a median follow-up of 10.15 years (range: 5-35), 63.2% (95% CI: 59.3-67.0) retained HBV immunity. HBV immunity declined by 6.62% per follow-up year (Ptrend < 0.0001). In meta-regression adjusting for vaccine type, follow-up time and geographic location, age at vaccination was significantly associated with retaining HBV immunity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.12 per year, p < 0.0001). Anamnestic response rate (44 studies, 66 cohorts, 29,040 patients) was 90.34% (95% CI: 86.84-92.98), with highest rates in Europe and Asia, but only study setting (clinical versus community-based: aOR 2.21, p = 0.034) was an independent factor. HBV immunity prevalence was about 60% after 10 years following childhood vaccination. Anamnestic response rate was about 90% and varied by study setting. Testing for immunity should be considered in individuals with high exposure risk and distant vaccination history with booster as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ramrakhiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael H Le
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Leslie Kam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yee Hui Yeo
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles R Levesley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Surya Gudapati
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Scott Barnett
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ramsey Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
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20
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Chapman A, Xu M, Schroeder M, Goldstein JM, Chida A, Lee JR, Tang X, Wharton RE, Finn MG. Substructure-Specific Antibodies Against Fentanyl Derivatives. ACS NANO 2025; 19:3714-3725. [PMID: 39792034 PMCID: PMC11781026 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2024] [Revised: 12/21/2024] [Accepted: 12/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Structural variants of the synthetic opioid fentanyl are a major threat to public health. Following an investigation showing that many derivatives are poorly detected by commercial lateral flow and related assays, we created hapten conjugate vaccines using an immunogenic virus-like particle carrier and eight synthetic fentanyl derivatives designed to mimic the structural features of several of the more dangerous analogues. Immunization of mice elicited strong antihapten humoral responses, allowing the screening of hundreds of hapten-specific hybridomas for binding strength and specificity. A panel of 13 monoclonal IgG antibodies were selected, each showing a different pattern of recognition of fentanyl structural variations, and all proving to be highly efficient at capturing parent fentanyl compounds in competition ELISA experiments. These results provide antibody reagents for assay development as well as a demonstration of the power of the immune system to create binding agents capable of both broad and specific recognition of small-molecule targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheley Chapman
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minghao Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michelle Schroeder
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jason M. Goldstein
- Immunodiagnostic
Development Team, Preparedness, Response, & Outbreak Services
Branch, Division of Core Laboratory Services & Response, Office
of Laboratory Systems and Response, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Asiya Chida
- Immunodiagnostic
Development Team, Preparedness, Response, & Outbreak Services
Branch, Division of Core Laboratory Services & Response, Office
of Laboratory Systems and Response, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Joo R. Lee
- Immunodiagnostic
Development Team, Preparedness, Response, & Outbreak Services
Branch, Division of Core Laboratory Services & Response, Office
of Laboratory Systems and Response, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Xiaoling Tang
- Immunodiagnostic
Development Team, Preparedness, Response, & Outbreak Services
Branch, Division of Core Laboratory Services & Response, Office
of Laboratory Systems and Response, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE., Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Rebekah E. Wharton
- Division
of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute
of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Dr. Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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21
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Garg S, Ochetto A, Hu J, Wang JCY. Unveiling the Molecular Architecture of HBV Spherical Subviral Particles: Structure, Symmetry, and Lipid Dynamics. Viruses 2024; 17:48. [PMID: 39861834 PMCID: PMC11768703 DOI: 10.3390/v17010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2024] [Revised: 12/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Australia antigen, now known as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), significant research has been conducted to elucidate its physical, chemical, structural, and functional properties. Subviral particles (SVPs) containing HBsAg are highly immunogenic, non-infectious entities that have not only revolutionized vaccine development but also provided critical insights into HBV immune evasion and viral assembly. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have uncovered the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of spherical HBV SVPs, emphasizing the essential role of lipid-protein interactions in maintaining particle stability. In this review, recent progress in understanding the molecular architecture of HBV SVPs is consolidated, focusing on their symmetry, lipid organization, and disassembly-reassembly dynamics. High-resolution structural models reveal unique lipid arrangements that stabilize hydrophobic residues, preserve antigenicity, and contribute to SVP functionality. These findings highlight the significance of hydrophobic interactions and lipid-protein dynamics in HBV SVP assembly and stability, offering valuable perspectives for optimizing SVP-based vaccine platforms and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Che-Yen Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.G.); (A.O.); (J.H.)
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22
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An J, Jin N, Xie J, Ma Y, Liu H, Balajiang G, Liu S, Zhang X. Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B and associated factors among health care workers in Gansu province. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2383509. [PMID: 39132758 PMCID: PMC11321420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation was conducted to describe the status of coverage of HBV vaccination among the health care workers in Gansu province and to explore the associated factors of HBV vaccination in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1544 health care workers from 64 hospitals in Gansu province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the health care workers about HBV vaccination coverage. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the associated factors with HBV vaccination. The vaccination coverage was 89.17% for health care workers, nurses (90.40%) had the highest rate, followed by administration staff (89.38%) and medical technicians (89.30%). The full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was 64.25% for health care workers, and administration staff (65.04%) had the highest rate, followed by nurses (65.00%). This study found that the associated factors with HBV vaccination and full-dose vaccination were the history of training and the detection of serological indicators. The coverage of HBV vaccination among health care workers in Gansu province was high, but full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was low. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV knowledge and training in HBV prevention and treatment among health care workers in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jin
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingru Xie
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Shuyu Liu
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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23
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Yao R, Xie C, Xia X. Recent progress in mRNA cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2307187. [PMID: 38282471 PMCID: PMC10826636 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2307187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The research and development of messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccines have gradually overcome numerous challenges through the application of personalized cancer antigens, structural optimization of mRNA, and the development of alternative RNA-based vectors and efficient targeted delivery vectors. Clinical trials are currently underway for various cancer vaccines that encode tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), or immunomodulators. In this paper, we summarize the optimization of mRNA and the emergence of RNA-based expression vectors in cancer vaccines. We begin by reviewing the advancement and utilization of state-of-the-art targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), followed by presenting the primary classifications and clinical applications of mRNA cancer vaccines. Collectively, mRNA vaccines are emerging as a central focus in cancer immunotherapy, offering the potential to address multiple challenges in cancer treatment, either as standalone therapies or in combination with current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Gong X, Fang Q, Zhong J, Zheng C, Yin Z. Adverse event reporting following immunization of hepatitis B vaccine: A 13-year review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2411824. [PMID: 39396824 PMCID: PMC11485979 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2411824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective means of interrupting HBV transmission. Although the hepatitis B vaccine is very effective and safe, adverse events following immunization do occur and need to be reported so that problems can be identified and appropriate corrective action can be taken. Most of the research on AEFI focuses on the safety observation of newly used vaccines, and there are few long-term studies on AEFI of the hepatitis B vaccine. This study retrospectively analyzes the reporting rate, clinical symptoms, and onset time of AEFI of the hepatitis B vaccine in Quzhou from 2011 to 2023, and compares the differences in AEFI reporting rates between different types of hepatitis B vaccines, different vaccination ages, and different doses. The surveillance results show that from 2011 to 2023, the AEFI reporting rate of hepatitis B Vaccines in Quzhou was 17.55/100,000 doses. 98.73% of reported AEFI were non-serious. The types of AEFI reported were vaccine product-related reactions, immunization anxiety-related reactions, and coincidental events. 94.12% of vaccine product-related reactions occurred within 3 days, and the main symptoms were fever, local reactions at the injection site, and rash. The AEFI reporting rate of the CHO vaccine was higher than that of the yeast vaccines, and the probability of AEFI in children under 1 year of age receiving the hepatitis B vaccine was higher in the latter dose than in the previous dose. The 13-year-long AEFI surveillance provides reliable evidence of the safety of the hepatitis B vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gong
- Immunoprevention Institute, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanjun Fang
- Immunoprevention Institute, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyue Zhong
- Immunoprevention Institute, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Immunoprevention Institute, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Yin
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Chen Y, Tian F, Hu S, Liu X. Development and Evaluation of a Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particle Vaccine Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with Protease-Resistant and Stability-Enhanced Modifications. Viruses 2024; 16:1932. [PMID: 39772238 PMCID: PMC11680274 DOI: 10.3390/v16121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
The ongoing global health crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) necessitates the continuous development of innovative vaccine strategies, especially in light of emerging viral variants that could undermine the effectiveness of existing vaccines. In this study, we developed a recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) platform, displaying a stabilized prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. This engineered S protein includes two proline substitutions (K986P, V987P) and a mutation at the cleavage site (RRAR to QQAQ), aimed at enhancing both its stability and immunogenicity. Using a prime-boost regimen, we administered NDV-VLP-S-3Q2P intramuscularly at different doses (2, 10, and 20 µg) to BALB/c mice. Robust humoral responses were observed, with high titers of S-protein-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, reaching titers of 1:2200-1:2560 post-boost. The vaccine also induced balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses, evidenced by significant upregulation of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4) and S-protein-specific IgG1 and IgG2a. Furthermore, strong activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and lungs confirmed the vaccine's ability to promote cellular immunity. These findings demonstrate that NDV-S3Q2P-VLP is a potent immunogen capable of eliciting robust humoral and cellular immune responses, highlighting its potential as a promising candidate for further clinical development in combating COVID-19.
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MESH Headings
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Animals
- Newcastle disease virus/genetics
- Newcastle disease virus/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Female
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Fan Tian
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
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26
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Etti M, Davies HG, Amone A, Kyohere M, Tusubira V, Burt J, O’Hara G, Matovu G, Peacock J, Nakimuli A, Musoke P, Sekikubo M, Le Doare K. Antenatal Screening for Hepatitis B Virus in Uganda: Missed Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:S193-S199. [PMID: 40070700 PMCID: PMC11891135 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The World Health Organization estimates that just 10.5% of individuals living with HBV globally are aware of their status. Antenatal care provides an opportunity to screen pregnant women for HBV and to treat those who are eligible to reduce the risk of vertical transmission. We conducted an observational study to determine the proportion of pregnant women with active HBV infection delivering at a government-funded hospital in Kampala, Uganda, to estimate the number of missed opportunities to prevent vertical transmission. Methods Eligible participants were enrolled via the PROGRESS study, an observational cohort study undertaken in Kampala, Uganda, between November 2018 and April 2021. Results presented here describe data from April 2019 to November 2020. Five milliliters of venous blood was drawn shortly after delivery. Serum aliquots were analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). HBsAg-positive participants were informed of their result by telephone and referred to the gastroenterology service for specialist management. Results In total, 6062 women were enrolled between April 2019 and November 2020. Results were available for 6012 (99.6%) participants, among whom 131 (2.2%) were HBsAg positive. Only 10 of 131 (7.6%) HBsAg-positive participants were successfully referred to the gastroenterology service at Mulago Hospital for treatment of their infection. Conclusions Our study identified a number of missed opportunities to identify active HBV infection among our pregnant cohort. Additional resources are urgently required to increase the coverage of antenatal HBV screening while also improving treatment pathways for pregnant women with HBV infection in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Etti
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hannah G Davies
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Amone
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Kyohere
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Valerie Tusubira
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jessica Burt
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Geraldine O’Hara
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Matovu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Peacock
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Musa Sekikubo
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Makerere University–Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
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27
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Guzha BT, Matubu A, Nyandoro G, Mubata HO, Moyo E, Murewanhema G, Chirenje ZM. The impact of DNA tumor viruses in low-to-middle income countries (LMICS): A literature review. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 18:200289. [PMID: 38977263 PMCID: PMC11298656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA viruses are common in the human population and act as aetiological agents of cancer on a large scale globally. They include the human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), hepatitis viruses, and human polyomaviruses. Oncogenic viruses employ different mechanisms to induce cancer. Notably, cancer only develops in a minority of individuals who are infected, usually following protracted years of chronic infection. The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with the highest number of cancer cases, including cervical cancer and other epithelial malignancies. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the RNA virus hepatitis C (HCV) are significant contributors to hepatocellular cancer (HCC). Other oncoviruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The identification of these infectious agents as aetiological agents for cancer has led to reductions in cancer incidence through preventive interventions such as HBV and HPV vaccination, HPV-DNA based cervical cancer screening, antiviral treatments for chronic HBV and HCV infections, and screening of blood for transfusion for HBV and HCV. Successful efforts to identify additional oncogenic viruses in human cancer may provide further understanding of the aetiology and development of cancer, and novel approaches for prevention and treatment. Cervical cancer, caused by HPV, is the leading gynaecological malignancy in LMICs, with high age-standardised incidence and mortality rates, HCC due to HBV is an important cause of cancer deaths, and the burden of other cancer attributable to infections continues to rise globally. Hence, cancers attributable to DNA viruses have become a significant global health challenge. These viruses hence warrant continued attention and interrogation as efforts to understand them further and device further preventive interventions are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothwell Takaingofa Guzha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Allen Matubu
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - George Nyandoro
- Hepatitis Alliance, 2172, Arlington, Hatfield, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Hamish O Mubata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Enos Moyo
- School of Public Health Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Grant Murewanhema
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Zvavahera M Chirenje
- University of Zimbabwe Clinical Trials Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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Firima E, Ntsoaki R, Lukau B, Tlahali M, Gonzalez Fernandez L, Manthabiseng M, Sematle MP, Bane M, Khomolishoele M, Ikhetheleng L, Retselisitsoe L, Gupta R, McCrosky S, Lee T, Chammartin F, Weisser M, Labhardt ND, Amstutz A. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and treatment eligibility in Lesotho, Southern Africa: a population-based cross-sectional study with case-based follow-up. BMJ PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 2:e001195. [PMID: 40018538 PMCID: PMC11816210 DOI: 10.1136/bmjph-2024-001195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Background and aims There is no data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence and treatment eligibility among the general population in Lesotho. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection in a large-scale cross-sectional survey among the general population in Lesotho, assess determinants of seropositivity, and evaluate treatment eligibility according to the 2024 WHO guidelines. Approach and results We conducted a household-based, cross-sectional survey among participants≥10 years old in 120 randomly sampled village clusters in two districts. From participants screened positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), we collected dried blood spots for HBV DNA measurement and referred the participants to health facilities for clinical assessment and treatment eligibility evaluation.Out of 6709 participants screened, 6705 had a valid HBsAg test result (3509 (52.3%) female, median age 33 years (IQR: 20-53)), which was positive in 78 participants, yielding a prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.4). Being≥18 years old, male, living in urban areas, living with HIV, consuming tobacco and belonging to higher wealth index quintiles, were associated with increasing odds of HBV infection. Of the 78 participants with HBV infection, 62 (79.5%) linked to care. Among these, 25/62 (40.3%) were also living with HIV and 23/25 (92%) already taking antiretroviral treatment active against HBV. Among the remaining, 10/37 (27.0%) were eligible for antiviral treatment based on HBV DNA, Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index or alanine aminotransferase levels. Conclusions We observed a low prevalence of HBV infection among Basotho. Treatment eligibility was high mostly due to the presence of HIV co-infection. However, nearly one-third of HBV mono-infected participants were eligible for treatment, suggesting a testing and treatment gap in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Firima
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Division of Clinical Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Blaise Lukau
- SolidarMed, Partnerships for Health, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Mosa Tlahali
- Mokhotlong District Health Management Team, Mokhotlong, Lesotho
| | - Lucia Gonzalez Fernandez
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravi Gupta
- SolidarMed, Partnerships for Health, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Stephen McCrosky
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tristan Lee
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Frederique Chammartin
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Weisser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Niklaus D Labhardt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Amstutz
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Domínguez A, Avellón A, Hernando V, Soldevila N, Borràs E, Martínez A, Izquierdo C, Torner N, Pericas C, Rius C, Godoy P. Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hospital Discharge Rates from 2005 to 2021 in Spain: Impact of Universal Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1254. [PMID: 39591157 PMCID: PMC11598889 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12111254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The main consequences of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both associated with frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of universal HBV vaccination in Spain on chronic HBV-related hospital discharges from 2005 to 2021. Methods: Using data from the Minimum Basic Data Set of the Spanish National Health System, we calculated the hospital discharge rate ratio (HDRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for chronic HBV-related discharges between 2005 and 2021. For comparative purposes, we calculated the HDRR and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for the early (2005-2013) and later (2014-2021) periods and the vaccinated compared with unvaccinated cohorts for the 20-39 age group. Results: The hospital discharge rate per 1,000,000 people was 3.08 in 2005 and 4.50 in 2021 for HCC, and 4.81 in 2005 and 1.92 in 2021 for cirrhosis. Comparing the early and later periods, values were higher for HCC (HDRR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.20) and lower for cirrhosis (HDRR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.51-0.60). The rate for the 20-39 age group was lower for the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated cohorts overall (HDRR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.45-0.62), for HCC (HDRR 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53-0.82), and for cirrhosis (HDRR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.33-0.53). Conclusions: This study describes the important impact, after 25 years, of universal HBV vaccination in Spain: cirrhosis hospital discharge rate was reduced, and the vaccinated cohorts, compared with the unvaccinated cohorts in the 20-39 age group, had a lower hospital discharge rate of both HCC and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Domínguez
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.); (N.T.); (C.P.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Ana Avellón
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Hernando
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Soldevila
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.); (N.T.); (C.P.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Eva Borràs
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.); (N.T.); (C.P.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ana Martínez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 08005 Barcelona, Spain;
| | | | - Núria Torner
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.); (N.T.); (C.P.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
| | - Carles Pericas
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.D.); (E.B.); (N.T.); (C.P.)
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IRB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Department MELIS-UPF, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Godoy
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (A.M.); (C.R.); (P.G.)
- Institut de Recerca Biomédica de Lleida (IRBLleida), 25006 Lleida, Spain
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Kar A, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Biswas A. Ubiquitin: A double-edged sword in hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Virology 2024; 599:110199. [PMID: 39116646 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus is one of the leading causes behind the neoplastic transformation of liver tissue and associated mortality. Despite the availability of many therapies and vaccines, the pathogenic landscape of the virus remains elusive; urging the development of novel strategies based on the fundamental infectious and transformative modalities of the virus-host interactome. Ubiquitination is a widely observed post-translational modification of several proteins, which either regulates the proteins' turnover or impacts their functionalities. In recent years, ample amount of literature has accumulated regarding the ubiquitination dynamics of the HBV proteins as well as the host proteins during HBV infection and carcinogenesis; with direct and detailed characterization of the involvement of HBV in these processes. Interestingly, while many of these ubiquitination events restrict HBV life cycle and carcinogenesis, several others promote the emergence of hepatocarcinoma by putting the virus in an advantageous position. This review sums up the snowballing literature on ubiquitination-mediated regulation of the host-HBV crosstalk, with special emphasis on its influence on the establishment and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma on a molecular level. With the advent of cutting-edge ubiquitination-targeted therapeutic approaches, the findings emanating from this review may potentiate the identification of novel anti-HBV targets for the formulation of novel anticancer strategies to control the HBV-induced hepato-carcinogenic process on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Kar
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Soumyadeep Mukherjee
- Department of in Vitro Carcinogenesis and Cellular Chemotherapy, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Avik Biswas
- Department of Signal Transduction & Biogenic Amines, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India.
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Brandl M, Schmidt AJ, Marcus U, Duffell E, Severi E, Mozalevskis A, Kivite-Urtane A, An der Heiden M, Dudareva S. Self-reported hepatitis A and B vaccination coverage among men who have sex with men (MSM), associated factors and vaccination recommendations in 43 countries of the WHO European Region: results from the European MSM Internet Survey, EMIS-2017. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400100. [PMID: 39512170 PMCID: PMC11544724 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.45.2400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHepatitis A and B vaccinations are recommended for men who have sex with men (MSM), given their increased risk of infection. However, data on vaccination programmes are scarce.AimTo use information on vaccination recommendations and vaccine uptake among MSM in the WHO European Region to guide prevention.MethodsFrom a large pan-European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017), we analysed data on self-reported hepatitis A and B vaccination status by age, education, financial coping, settlement size, outness (disclosure of sexual behaviour), migration history and diagnosis with hepatitis C or HIV, using multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, we collected information on national hepatitis A and B vaccination recommendations.ResultsWe present data of 113,884 MSM, median age 36 years (IQR: 27-47). Vaccination for hepatitis A and B was recommended and free for MSM in 7 and 18 of 43 countries, respectively. Of all respondents, 48% (n = 50,966) reported ever being vaccinated against hepatitis A, and 53% (n = 56,889) against hepatitis B. Odds for being vaccinated against hepatitis A increased with outness ('out to (almost) all' aOR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.72-1.85 vs 'out to none') and were higher in countries where vaccination was recommended and free for MSM (aOR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.29-3.82 vs 'no recommendation'). Results for hepatitis B were similar (outness: aOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.75-1.88 and MSM-specific vaccination recommendation: aOR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.54-3.85).ConclusionLarge proportions of MSM in Europe remain vulnerable to hepatitis A and B, despite available vaccination. Implementation of MSM-specific vaccination recommendations and greater efforts to improve the societal climate for MSM are needed to address gaps in vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brandl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel J Schmidt
- Sigma Research, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Marcus
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ettore Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Matthias An der Heiden
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
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Burdi S, Brandl M, Marcus U, Duffell E, Severi E, Mozalevskis A, Rüütel K, Dörre A, Schmidt AJ, Dudareva S. Viral hepatitis knowledge and vaccination awareness among men who have sex with men (MSM) in 43 countries of the WHO European Region: results from the European MSM Internet Survey, EMIS-2017. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2400099. [PMID: 39512166 PMCID: PMC11544719 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.45.2400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecent hepatitis A virus outbreaks in Europe affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) and ongoing hepatitis B virus transmission among MSM underscore the ongoing need for viral hepatitis prevention in this population.AimTo describe viral hepatitis knowledge and associated factors among MSM in the WHO European Region to inform targeted prevention.MethodsIn the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS-2017), basic knowledge was defined as correctly identifying at least 4 of 5 statements about viral hepatitis and vaccination. We described basic knowledge by country. In a multilevel logistic regression model, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for having basic knowledge and explanatory variables: sociodemographic characteristics, history of hepatitis C and/or HIV diagnosis, sexual orientation disclosure at last sexually transmitted infections (STI) test and outness.ResultsOf 113,884 participants across 43 WHO European Region countries, 68% demonstrated basic knowledge, ranging from 50% in Israel to 80% in the Netherlands. Basic knowledge was significantly associated with older age (≥ 40 years vs < 25 years, aOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.7-3.0), a history of hepatitis C and/or HIV diagnosis (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.7-1.9) and sexual orientation disclosure at last STI test (aOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.2-1.3), among other factors.ConclusionsWe found a knowledge disparity regarding viral hepatitis and hepatitis vaccination awareness among MSM across Europe, highlighting a need to address these gaps. A non-judgemental, accepting climate that allows individuals attending medical services to safely disclose their sexual orientation is fundamental to enable healthcare professionals to target information and preventative measures more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Burdi
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Brandl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Marcus
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Erika Duffell
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ettore Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antons Mozalevskis
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristi Rüütel
- Department of Risk Behaviour Studies, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Achim Dörre
- Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel J Schmidt
- Sigma Research, Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Dudareva
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
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Okada K, Nakayama Y, Xu J, Cheng Y, Tanaka J. A nation-wide medical record database study: Value of hepatitis B surface antigen loss in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:1004-1015. [PMID: 38748484 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance is considered to be one of the best surrogate endpoints of functional cure for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, evidence regarding the relationship between achieving HBsAg seroclearance or a low baseline HBsAg level, and long-term clinical outcomes in Japanese patients with chronic HBV infection remains to be confirmed in a real-world setting. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was performed with an electronic medical record database, including data from 230 hospitals across Japan. Chronic HBV infection was defined as two consecutive, positive HBsAg laboratory measurements for HBV infection. The date of the second positive was used as a baseline to identify subsequent HBsAg seroclearance and liver disease progression. RESULTS In the database, 2523 patients with chronic HBV infection were identified as the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cohort. Among the CHB cohort with an average observational period of 5.19 ± 3.87 years, 202 patients (8%) achieved HBsAg seroclearance after baseline. They had a lower risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.206, p < 0.01) and cirrhosis (aHR 0.361, p < 0.01). When the CHB cohort was stratified into two groups based on baseline HBsAg levels (<100 IU/mL and ≥100 IU/mL), patients with a lower baseline level of HBsAg (<100 IU/mL) had a lower risk of developing liver disease (HCC aHR 0.600, p < 0.01; cirrhosis aHR 0.618, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the clinical significance of HBsAg seroclearance and low HBsAg level at baseline with respect to long-term outcomes of patients with CHB in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennings Xu
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yang Cheng
- Janssen China Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Guinea-Castañares J, Iturralde Iriso JM, Elizondo Pinillos IN, Martinez Iniesta G. Comparison between Liver Cancer Mortality Rates in China and Spain. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:831-833. [PMID: 39440219 PMCID: PMC11491503 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2024.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gloria Martinez Iniesta
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service Ringgold Standard Institution (16651), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Uba BV, Mohammed Y, Nwokoro UU, Fadahunsi R, Adewole A, Ugbenyo G, Simple E, Wisdom MO, Waziri NE, Michael CA, Okeke LA, Kanu F, Ikwe H, Sandhu HS, Asekun A, Tohme RA, Freeland C, Minta A, Bashir SS, Isa A, Vasumu JJ, Bahuli AU, Ugwu GO, Obi EI, Ismail BA, Okposen BB, Bolu OO, Shuaib F. Health Facility Capacity and Health-care Worker Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hepatitis B Vaccine Birth-dose and Maternal Tetanus-Diphtheria Vaccine Administration in Nigeria: A Baseline Assessment. Ann Afr Med 2024; 24:01244624-990000000-00056. [PMID: 39440555 PMCID: PMC11837813 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_28_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and neonatal tetanus infections remain endemic in Nigeria despite the availability of safe, effective vaccines. We aimed to determine health facilities' capacity for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose (HepB-BD) and maternal tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccination and to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccine administration among health facility staff in Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study assessing public primary and secondary health facilities in Adamawa and Enugu States. A multistage sampling approach was used to select 40 facilities and 79 health-care workers (HCWs) from each state. A structured facility assessment tool and standardized questionnaire evaluated facility characteristics and HCW knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination. Frequencies and proportions were reported as descriptive statistics. RESULTS The survey of 80 facilities revealed that 73.8% implemented HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination policies. HepB-BD was administered within 24 h of birth at 61.3% of facilities and at all times at 57.5%. However, administration seldom occurred in labor and delivery (35%) or maternity wards (16.3%). Nearly half of the facilities (46.3%) had HCWs believing there were contraindications to HepB-BD vaccination. Among 158 HCWs, 26.5% believed tetanus could be transmitted through unprotected sex, prevented by vaccination at birth (46.1%), or by avoiding sharing food and utensils. 65% of HCWs knew HBV infection had the worst outcome for newborns. CONCLUSIONS The limited implementation of national policies on HepB-BD and maternal Td vaccination, coupled with knowledge gaps among HCWs, pose significant challenges to timely vaccination, necessitating interventions to address these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda V. Uba
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yahaya Mohammed
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rhoda Fadahunsi
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adefisoye Adewole
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gideon Ugbenyo
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edwin Simple
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margeret Osas Wisdom
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ndadilnasiya E. Waziri
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles A. Michael
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lilian Akudo Okeke
- National Stop Transmission of Polio Program, African Field Epidemiology Network, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florence Kanu
- Global Immunization Division, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hadley Ikwe
- Global Immunization Division, US CDC Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Minta
- Global Immunization Division, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - James J. Vasumu
- Adamawa State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Adamawa, Nigeria
| | | | - George O. Ugwu
- Enugu State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I. Obi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Shuaib
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, FCT
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Gong X, Zheng C, Fang Q, Xu W, Yin Z. Survey of Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Surface Antibody-Positive Rates in People Aged 1-59 Years in 2006 and 2024. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae589. [PMID: 39431151 PMCID: PMC11488135 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Implementing hepatitis B vaccination is an important strategy to reduce hepatitis B virus infection and disease burden. Suboptimal adult hepatitis B vaccination coverage limits the further reduction of hepatitis B virus infection. Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was adopted to survey the permanent population aged 1-59 in 2006 and 2024. We calculated the vaccination coverage rate, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)-positive rate, rate difference, and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the 2 survey populations, and used the 95% CI and χ2 test to determine whether the difference in rate was statistically significant. Results Six hundred twenty-three people were surveyed in 2006 and 606 people were surveyed in 2024. From 2006 to 2024, the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among people aged 1-59 years increased from 54.1% to 78.9%, and the HBsAb-positive rate increased from 46.2% to 57.6%. There was no significant difference in vaccination coverage in the population <15 years of age, but the antibody-positive rate increased significantly. The vaccination coverage rate of the 15-59 age group increased significantly, but there was no statistical difference in the antibody positivity rate of the 15-49 age group, and the antibody positivity rate of the 50-59 age group increased significantly. Conclusions Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults was still insufficient. Hepatitis B vaccine-mediated immunity was low in adults aged 30-49 years. It is recommended to update the guidelines for hepatitis B vaccination of adults in China, cancel the assessment of risk factors and prevaccination serological screening, and emphasize universal vaccination of all unvaccinated adults to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gong
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanjun Fang
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiying Yin
- Department of Immunity, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pluijmaekers A, Steens A, Houweling H, Rots N, Benschop K, van Binnendijk R, Bodewes R, Brouwer J, Buisman A, Duizer E, van Els C, Hament J, den Hartog G, Kaaijk P, Kerkhof K, King A, van der Klis F, Korthals Altes H, van der Maas N, van Meijeren D, Middeldorp M, Rijnbende-Geraerts S, Sanders E, Veldhuijzen I, Vlaanderen E, Voordouw A, Vos E, de Wit J, Woudenberg T, van Vliet J, de Melker H. A literature review and evidence-based evaluation of the Dutch national immunisation schedule yield possibilities for improvements. Vaccine X 2024; 20:100556. [PMID: 39444596 PMCID: PMC11497366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
National Immunisation Programmes (NIPs) develop historically. Its performance (disease incidences, vaccination coverage) is monitored. Reviewing the schedule as a whole could inform on further optimisation of the programme, i.e., providing maximal protection with the lowest number of doses. We systematically evaluated the performance and strategies of the Dutch pathogen-specific NIP schedules through literature review, assessment of surveillance data and expert opinions. Pathogen-specific vaccinations were categorised according to their strategy of protection: I) elimination or eradication, II) herd immunity or III) 'only' individual protection. The schedule of each vaccine-component was evaluated based on fixed criteria: 1. Is the achieved protection adequate? 2. Is the intended protection achieved? 3. Does the programme include too many or too few doses? 4. Is the timing optimal or acceptable? and 5. Are there drawbacks of the NIP for (part of) the population? Identified issues were explored using surveillance data and literature. Using fixed criteria facilitated comparison between pathogens and revealed opportunities to optimise the Dutch NIP by: i. Reducing the number of polio and tetanus vaccinations; ii. prolonging the interval between diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B, and Hib vaccine doses for improved effectiveness; iii. Expedite the second measles vaccination from 9 to 2-4 years of age to offer unvaccinated children and primary vaccine failures an earlier chance to be protected; and iv. Delaying the second mumps vaccination to enhance protection in adolescents/young adults. No schedule adaptations were deemed necessary for the vaccines against HPV, rubella, pneumococcal disease, and meningococcal disease. Based on this evaluation the NITAG advised to move the DTaP-IPV-HBV-Hib-booster from age 11 to 12 months, the second MMR-dose from 9 to 2-4 years, replace the Tdap-IPV at 4 years with a Tdap at 5-6 years and move the dt-IPV from 9 to 14 years. Implementation of these changes is planned for 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J.M. Pluijmaekers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - A. Steens
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - H. Houweling
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - N.Y. Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - K.S.M. Benschop
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - R.S. van Binnendijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - R. Bodewes
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - J.G.M. Brouwer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - A. Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - E. Duizer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - C.A.C.M. van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
- Faculty of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - J.M. Hament
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - G. den Hartog
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. Kaaijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - K. Kerkhof
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - A.J. King
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - F.R.M. van der Klis
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - H. Korthals Altes
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - N.A.T. van der Maas
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - D.L. van Meijeren
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - M. Middeldorp
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | | | - E.A.M. Sanders
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - I.K. Veldhuijzen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - E. Vlaanderen
- Municipal Health Service of Hollands Noorden, The Netherlands
| | - A.C.G. Voordouw
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - E.R.A. Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - J. de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - T. Woudenberg
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - J.A. van Vliet
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
| | - H.E. de Melker
- Center for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands
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Contreras A, Sánchez SA, Rodríguez-Medina C, Botero JE. The role and impact of viruses on cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024; 96:170-184. [PMID: 38641954 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Amaya Sánchez
- Advanced Periodontology Program, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Danpanichkul P, Aboona MB, Sukphutanan B, Kongarin S, Duangsonk K, Ng CH, Muthiah MD, Huang DQ, Seko Y, Díaz LA, Arab JP, Yang JD, Chen VL, Kim D, Noureddin M, Liangpunsakul S, Wijarnpreecha K. Incidence of liver cancer in young adults according to the Global Burden of Disease database 2019. Hepatology 2024; 80:828-843. [PMID: 38598364 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The worldwide burden of cancer is increasing in younger populations. However, the epidemiology of primary liver cancer remains understudied in young adults compared to other cancer forms. APPROACH AND RESULTS This study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease study between 2010 and 2019 to assess the age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years associated with primary liver cancer in the young (15-49 y), stratified by region, nation, sociodemographic index, and sex. The study found a global estimate of 78,299 primary liver cancer cases, 60,602 deaths, and 2.90 million disability-adjusted life years in the young population. The Western Pacific region exhibited the highest burden in 2019, showing the most significant increase compared to other regions between 2010 and 2019. More than half of the countries worldwide have undergone an increase in primary liver cancer incidence rates in young adults. Around 12.51% of deaths due to primary liver cancer occur in young individuals. Throughout the study period, there was a significant decline in primary liver cancer mortality due to most etiologies, except for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.87%, 95% CI: 0.70%-1.05%) and alcohol-attributable primary liver cancer (annual percentage change + 0.21%, 95% CI: 0.01%-0.42%). The limitations of the Global Burden of Disease database include reliance on the quality of primary data and possible underestimation of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Over the past decade, there has been a marked increase in the burden of primary liver cancer, especially that originating from steatotic liver disease. This trend calls for the development of urgent and comprehensive strategies to mitigate this rising burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Majd B Aboona
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyou-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Comprehensive Transplant Center, and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Houston Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Alsuliman T, Musiu P, Stocker N, Desnica L, El-Cheikh J, Sestili S, Srour M, Marjanovic Z, Alrstom A. Sexually transmitted infections in the context of haematological malignancies. Lancet Haematol 2024; 11:e792-e802. [PMID: 39312925 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(24)00210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a difficult health challenge for immunocompromised patients. Patients treated for several haematological malignancies have further compromised immune systems. Furthermore, many chemotherapies, alone or associated with haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, make the body's natural barriers extremely fragile. STIs can negatively impact both patient morbidity and mortality. In this Series paper, we discuss Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, human papilloma virus, and hepatitis B virus, as we found them to be associated with increased risks for haematological malignancy treatments, either by incidence or by severity. Protective measures and vaccines for patients with haematological malignancies are also discussed. Large, well conducted studies should be encouraged, with the aim to systematically analyse the impacts of STIs in patients with haematological malignancies, especially given the difficulties that antimicrobial resistance can confer to patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Alsuliman
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Paolo Musiu
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stocker
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Lana Desnica
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jean El-Cheikh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Simona Sestili
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Micha Srour
- Service Maladie du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Zora Marjanovic
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Ali Alrstom
- Infectious Diseases, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Han X, Zhang X, Zhong L, Liu Y, Gong L, Zhang J, Wang H, Chen Q. Evaluation of the immunization efficacy and adverse reactions of hepatitis B vaccination in children with thalassemia minor. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2641. [PMID: 39334137 PMCID: PMC11438186 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the immunization efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions after hepatitis B vaccination in children with thalassemia based on data from real-world studies. METHODS A total of 625 children were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Subgroup analyses of different thalassemia types were performed using binary logistic regression, the factors affecting HBsAb levels were identified using multiple linear regression, and the dose-response relationship between the duration of immunization and seroconversion was explored using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to further assess the protective duration of the hepatitis B vaccine. RESULTS HBsAb positivity in enrolled children was 87.3% in the thalassemia group and 81.4% in the control group. Multifactorial analysis revealed that the duration of immunization, age at completion of vaccination, and whether the first dose was delayed were significant factors influencing HBsAb levels in children (P < 0.05). The threshold for HBsAb positivity may be reached when the immunization duration reaches approximately 30 months. A subgroup analysis revealed that the HBsAb positivity rate was lower in children with β-thalassemia minor compared to those with α-thalassemia minor (P = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.097 ∼ 0.536). Adverse reactions after hepatitis B vaccination were dominated by general reactions, with a statistically significant difference in injection-site redness and swelling between the thalassemia and control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The immunization response to the hepatitis B vaccine in children with thalassemia minor was comparable to healthy children, with no abnormal adverse effects seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Liling Zhong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China
| | - Lifen Gong
- Heyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heyuan, China
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Heyuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heyuan, China.
| | - Qingsong Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China.
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Reka D, Girish C. Plant-based vaccines against viral hepatitis: A panoptic review. World J Virol 2024; 13:97162. [PMID: 39323445 PMCID: PMC11401004 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis; however, the need for cost-effective, easily distributable, and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based vaccines. Plant-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation, scalability, and the potential for oral administration. This review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis B surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles, which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical trials. The challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels, ensuring consistent dosing, and navigating regulatory frameworks, are addressed. The review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings. This review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanathan Reka
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Chandrashekaran Girish
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605006, India
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Reynolds-Cortez V, Criado-Álvarez JJ, Martinez-Vizcaino V, Pascual-Morena C, Salinas-Vilca A, Sequí-Domínguez I. The Effectiveness and Sero-Immunity of Hepatitis B Vaccination in People Who Use Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1026. [PMID: 39340056 PMCID: PMC11435961 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination has been available for over four decades. However, a synthesis of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of this strategy on preventing hepatitis B infection in people who use drugs (PWUD) is lacking. A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to June 2024. Eight studies reported on the effectiveness of HBV vaccination, defined as a positive result for HBsAg or anti-Hbc in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated PWUD, with a pooled effect size of 52% (95% CI: 28.2-67.9) for HBsAg and 31.89% (95% CI: 14.8-45.5) for anti-Hbc. For sero-immunity, defined as the proportion of vaccinated PWUD with levels of anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL, we found that 66.2% (95% CI: 0.61-0.71; I2 = 94%) had protective levels of anti-HBs. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that the incidence of HBV infection is lower in vaccinated PWUD than in those who did not receive the vaccine. However, the effectiveness is lower than that observed in the general population. This highlights the need for a thorough review of the factors influencing the prevention of HBV infection in PWUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Reynolds-Cortez
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (C.P.-M.); (I.S.-D.)
- Preventive Medicine, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Juan-José Criado-Álvarez
- Institute of Health Sciences, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (C.P.-M.); (I.S.-D.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Carlos Pascual-Morena
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (C.P.-M.); (I.S.-D.)
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (C.P.-M.); (I.S.-D.)
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44
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Whitworth IT, Romero S, Kissi-Twum A, Knoener R, Scalf M, Sherer NM, Smith LM. Identification of Host Proteins Involved in Hepatitis B Virus Genome Packaging. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:4128-4138. [PMID: 39078123 PMCID: PMC11693245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
A critical part of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) life cycle is the packaging of the pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) into nucleocapsids. While this process is known to involve several viral elements, much less is known about the identities and roles of host proteins in this process. To better understand the role of host proteins, we isolated pgRNA and characterized its protein interactome in cells expressing either packaging-competent or packaging-incompetent HBV genomes. We identified over 250 host proteins preferentially associated with pgRNA from the packaging-competent version of the virus. These included proteins already known to support capsid formation, enhance viral gene expression, catalyze nucleocapsid dephosphorylation, and bind to the viral genome, demonstrating the ability of the approach to effectively reveal functionally significant host-virus interactors. Three of these host proteins, AURKA, YTHDF2, and ATR, were selected for follow-up analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR (RIP-qPCR) confirmed pgRNA-protein association in cells, and siRNA knockdown of the proteins showed decreased encapsidation efficiency. This study provides a template for the use of comparative RNA-protein interactome analysis in conjunction with virus engineering to reveal functionally significant host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella T Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Sofia Romero
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Abena Kissi-Twum
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Rachel Knoener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Nathan M Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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Derin O. Temporal Dynamics of Hepatitis B Infection and Relation of Childhood Vaccination Program in Türkiye: A Longitudinal Study. INFECTIOUS DISEASES & CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 6:195-205. [PMID: 39399742 PMCID: PMC11465515 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2024.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis B is a significant infectious disease on a global scale. The implementation of vaccination programs and other preventive measures (e.g., serologic screening of blood donors) leads to lower rates of new infections with the hepatitis B virus. This study aimed to investigate and compare the evolution of hepatitis B incidence, prevalence and mortality rates along with vaccination rates in Türkiye and worldwide between 1990 and 2019. Materials and Methods The study analyzed open datasets (the Global Burden of Disease and Our World in Data) using descriptive and joinpoint regression analysis to uncover substantial declines in hepatitis B rates from 1990 to 2019, both in Türkiye and globally. Results The average annual percentage change (AAPC) for incidence rates was -1.81 in Türkiye and -1.481 in the global cohort. For prevalence, the AAPC was -2.5244 in Türkiye and -1.4104 globally. Conclusion The vaccination rates increased over time and remained at 95% since 2009, suggesting that vaccination efforts effectively reduced the risk of hepatitis B infection among children. This study provided important perspectives for assessing Türkiye's performance in this field and guiding future strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Derin
- Epidemiology PhD Program, İstanbul Medipol University Graduate School of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Department, İstanbul Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Bayissa L, Gela D, Boka A, Ararsa T. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses working at health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:600. [PMID: 39198790 PMCID: PMC11351460 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses one of the most serious workplace health risks facing healthcare workers, especially nurses, due to occupational exposure. The HBV vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Ethiopia ranged from 5.4 to 21.9%. However, little is known about HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors among nurses working in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2023. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to March 31, 2023, among 428 nurses working in 32 health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2.5.0 and then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and proportions) were used to summarize the data on the study variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the strength of the association, and the statistical significance of associations between the variables was determined using adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and p values < 0.05. RESULTS HBV-full vaccination coverage among 428 nurses in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was 36.9%. Male nurses [AOR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.95], taking training on infection prevention [AOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.78], having good knowledge about HBV vaccine [AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.04], and testing for HBV [AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.64] were more likely to have HBV full vaccination coverage, whereas monthly salary ≤ 7,071 Ethiopian Birr was 54% less likely to have HBV full vaccination coverage [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.85] at p-value < 0.05. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the full HBV vaccination coverage of nurses working in health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was low (36.9%), and consequently, the majority of nurses are at a high risk of being infected with HBV. Therefore, the Ministry of Health and health centers should promote awareness, implement prevention programs, provide diagnostic, treatment, and care services, enhance information generation and utilization, and strengthen the health system to increase vaccination coverage among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leta Bayissa
- Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Debela Gela
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 4412, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abdissa Boka
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tiruneh Ararsa
- Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Hayashi Y, Tajiri K, Ozawa T, Angata K, Sato T, Togayachi A, Nagashima I, Shimizu H, Murayama A, Muraishi N, Narimatsu H, Yasuda I. Impact of preS1 Evaluation in the Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1334. [PMID: 39202615 PMCID: PMC11356368 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is essential for managing chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). HBsAg consists of three different surface envelope proteins: large, middle, and small HB surface proteins. However, in clinical practice, it is not common to evaluate each of these HB surface proteins separately. Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated preS1 expression using seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in 68 CHB patients, as well as examining their antigenicity. Results: Although the seven mAbs had been derived from genotype (Gt) C, they could recognize preS1 with Gts A to D. The epitopes were concentrated within the aa33-47 region of preS1, and their antigenicity was significantly reduced by an aa45F substitution. We found that preS1 expression remained consistent regardless of HBsAg levels and different Gts in CHB patients, in contrast to what was observed in SHBs. Conclusions: These results suggest that the antigenic epitope is preserved among different Gts and that the expression pattern of preS1 is altered during CHB, highlighting its vital role in the HBV infection cycle. Our present results suggest preS1 is a promising therapeutic target in CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Angata
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Takashi Sato
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Akira Togayachi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Izuru Nagashima
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Aiko Murayama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Nozomu Muraishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8560, Japan; (K.A.); (T.S.); (A.T.); (I.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; (Y.H.)
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Zhang WY, Zheng XL, Coghi PS, Chen JH, Dong BJ, Fan XX. Revolutionizing adjuvant development: harnessing AI for next-generation cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1438030. [PMID: 39206192 PMCID: PMC11349682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of vaccines has been widely recognized and has led to increased research and development efforts. Vaccines also play a crucial role in cancer treatment by activating the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells. However, enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines remains a challenge. Adjuvants, which enhance the immune response to antigens and improve vaccine effectiveness, have faced limitations in recent years, resulting in few novel adjuvants being identified. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in drug development has provided a foundation for adjuvant screening and application, leading to a diversification of adjuvants. This article reviews the significant role of tumor vaccines in basic research and clinical treatment and explores the use of AI technology to screen novel adjuvants from databases. The findings of this review offer valuable insights for the development of new adjuvants for next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ying Zhang
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zheng
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Paolo Saul Coghi
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing-Jun Dong
- Gynecology Department, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Zhuo Y, Zeng H, Su C, Lv Q, Cheng T, Lei L. Tailoring biomaterials for vaccine delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:480. [PMID: 39135073 PMCID: PMC11321069 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are substances that can be injected, implanted, or applied to the surface of tissues in biomedical applications and have the ability to interact with biological systems to initiate therapeutic responses. Biomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems possess robust packaging capabilities, enabling sustained and localized drug release at the target site. Throughout the vaccine delivery process, they can contribute to protecting, stabilizing, and guiding the immunogen while also serving as adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the contributions of biomaterials to the advancement of vaccine development. We begin by categorizing biomaterial types and properties, detailing their reprocessing strategies, and exploring several common delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microneedles. Additionally, we investigated how the physicochemical properties and delivery routes of biomaterials influence immune responses. Notably, we delve into the design considerations of biomaterials as vaccine adjuvants, showcasing their application in vaccine development for cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, influenza, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis B. Throughout this review, we highlight successful instances where biomaterials have enhanced vaccine efficacy and discuss the limitations and future directions of biomaterials in vaccine delivery and immunotherapy. This review aims to offer researchers a comprehensive understanding of the application of biomaterials in vaccine development and stimulate further progress in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhuo
- College of Intelligent Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Huanxuan Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Chunyu Su
- College of Intelligent Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Intelligent Agriculture, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, 537000, China.
| | - Tianyin Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Ley D, Lazarus S, Forati AM, Farraye FA, Smith R, Hayney MS, Caldera F. High Rates of Seroprotection to Hepatitis B After a Hepatitis B Challenge Dose in Previously Vaccinated Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Immunosuppressive Therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:3051-3060. [PMID: 38907090 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy populations have high rates of sustained vaccine-induced seroprotection to hepatitis B virus, but previous studies in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have shown suboptimal seroprotection rates. A challenge dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) is recommended in previously vaccinated individuals who are seronegative to elicit an anamnestic response and determine if they are seroprotected. The aim of our study was to determine sustained seroprotection rates to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in patients with IBD. METHODS This was a single-center prospective study of patients with IBD previously vaccinated with a three dose HepB series. Patients had a hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) drawn; if it was below 10 mIU/mL, they received a challenge dose of the HepB vaccine to assess for anamnestic response and sustained seroprotection. The primary outcome was to determine the rate of sustained seroprotection (anti-HBs ≥ 10). RESULTS A total of 168 patients met inclusion criteria, mean age 35.7 years ± 13.6 standard deviation (SD). Initially 120 (71.4%) had anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL, with median anti-HBs of 37 mIU/mL (interquartile range 0-234); 48 (28.6%) needed a challenge dose, of which 34 responded with anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL. In total, 154 (91.7%) demonstrated sustained seroprotection to HepB. Those not seroprotected were more likely to have been vaccinated on immunosuppressive therapy or after their diagnosis of IBD. CONCLUSIONS Most vaccinated patients with IBD maintain sustained seroprotection to HepB despite prolonged exposure to immunosuppression. This contradicts prior studies and shows that immunosuppression does not lead to loss of seroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Ley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA
| | - Sarah Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amir Masound Forati
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ryan Smith
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA
| | - Mary S Hayney
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Freddy Caldera
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705-2281, USA.
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