Mastoridis S, Martinez-Llordella M, Sanchez-Fueyo A. Extracellular vesicles as mediators of alloimmunity and their therapeutic potential in liver transplantation. World J Transplant 2020; 10(11): 330-344 [PMID: 33312894 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i11.330]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Sotiris Mastoridis, MBBS, PhD, Doctor, Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, United Kingdom. sotiris.mastoridis@googlemail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Transplantation
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Transplant. Nov 28, 2020; 10(11): 330-344 Published online Nov 28, 2020. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i11.330
Extracellular vesicles as mediators of alloimmunity and their therapeutic potential in liver transplantation
Sotiris Mastoridis, Marc Martinez-Llordella, Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
Sotiris Mastoridis, Department ofSurgery, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX37LE, United Kingdom
Marc Martinez-Llordella, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, London SE59NU, United Kingdom
Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo, Department of Liver Sciences, King's College Hospital, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, London SE59NU, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Mastoridis S wrote the manuscript with support and consultation from Martinez-Llordella M and Sanchez-Fueyo A; all authors approve the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to be reported.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sotiris Mastoridis, MBBS, PhD, Doctor, Department of Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, United Kingdom. sotiris.mastoridis@googlemail.com
Received: August 31, 2020 Peer-review started: August 31, 2020 First decision: October 23, 2020 Revised: November 6, 2020 Accepted: November 17, 2020 Article in press: November 17, 2020 Published online: November 28, 2020
Core Tip
Core Tip: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key contributors to T cell alloimmunity through the transfer of major histocompatibility alloantigens to host antigen presenting cells (APCs) thereby initiating alloresponses and acute rejection. Strong circumstantial evidence suggests that under certain conditions EV-mediated cross-dressing of recipient APCs can also tolerance responses and allay allograft rejection–for instance in the context of liver transplantation. We anticipate improved mechanistic understanding of these processes will facilitate design of novel EV therapies in transplantation. A number of clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of EVs are underway. The substantial developments in engineered Good Manufacture Practices-grade EVs hold promise for novel EV-therapeutics in transplantation and beyond.
