Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Mao MA, Kittanamongkolchai W, Jaffer Sathick IJ, Dhondup T, Erickson SB. Incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Transplant 2016; 6(4): 790-797 [PMID: 28058231 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i4.790]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Wisit Cheungpasitporn, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. wcheungpasitporn@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Transplantation
Article-Type of This Article
Meta-Analysis
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Transplant. Dec 24, 2016; 6(4): 790-797 Published online Dec 24, 2016. doi: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i4.790
Incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Charat Thongprayoon, Michael A Mao, Wonngarm Kittanamongkolchai, Insara J Jaffer Sathick, Tsering Dhondup, Stephen B Erickson
Wisit Cheungpasitporn, Charat Thongprayoon, Michael A Mao, Wonngarm Kittanamongkolchai, Insara J Jaffer Sathick, Tsering Dhondup, Stephen B Erickson, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
Author contributions: Cheungpasitporn W and Thongprayoon C contributed equally to this work; Cheungpasitporn W and Thongprayoon C: Performed the search, analysis and interpretation of data, analysis of data and final approval of the version to be published; Mao MA, Kittanamongkolchai W, Jaffer Sathick IJ and Dhondup T: Critical revising of the intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published; Erickson SB: Concept and design, critical revising of the intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no conflicts-of-interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Wisit Cheungpasitporn, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States. wcheungpasitporn@gmail.com
Telephone: +1-507-2667093 Fax: +1-507-2667891
Received: May 18, 2016 Peer-review started: May 18, 2016 First decision: July 27, 2016 Revised: September 8, 2016 Accepted: October 22, 2016 Article in press: October 24, 2016 Published online: December 24, 2016
Abstract
AIM
To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients.
METHODS
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the inception of the databases through March 2016. Studies assessing the incidence of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients were included. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the incidence of kidney stones.
RESULTS
Twenty one studies with 64416 kidney transplant patients were included in the analyses to assess the incidence of kidney stones after kidney transplantation. The estimated incidence of kidney stones was 1.0% (95%CI: 0.6%-1.4%). The mean duration to diagnosis of kidney stones after kidney transplantation was 28 ± 22 mo. The mean age of patients with kidney stones was 42 ± 7 years. Within reported studies, approximately 50% of kidney transplant recipients with kidney stones were males. 67% of kidney stones were calcium-based stones (30% mixed CaOx/CaP, 27%CaOx and 10%CaP), followed by struvite stones (20%) and uric acid stones (13%).
CONCLUSION
The estimated incidence of kidney stones in patients after kidney transplantation is 1.0%. Although calcium based stones are the most common kidney stones after transplantation, struvite stones (also known as “infection stones”) are not uncommon in kidney transplant recipients. These findings may impact the prevention and clinical management of kidney stones after kidney transplantation.
Core tip: The authors performed this meta-analysis to assess the incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in kidney transplant recipients. The estimated incidence of kidney stones in patients after kidney transplantation is 1.0%. Calcium based stones (CaOx and CaP) are the most common kidney stones after transplantation following by struvite stones and uric acid stones. The findings from this study may impact the management of kidney stone prevention after kidney transplantation.
