Voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging investigation of poor and preserved clinical insight in people with schizophrenia

doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.311

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 6, Issue 3

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (5696)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, WORD series, HTML series, Figures (1-1) series, Tables (1-3) series.

Item

Count

PDF

405

WORD

220

HTML

2757

Figures (1-1)

170

Tables (1-3)

172

Sum=3724

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

873

Download

1099

Sum=1972

Sep 22, 2016 (publication date) through Apr 22, 2024

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (13)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Psychiatry

ISSN

2220-3206

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Case Control Study

World J Psychiatr. Sep 22, 2016; 6(3): 311-321
Published online Sep 22, 2016. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.311

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study groups

	Healthy controls (n = 20; 15 male, 5 female)		Patients insight⁺ group (n = 20; 16 male, 4 female)		Patients insight^- group (n = 20; 16 male, 4 female)
	Mean (SD)	Range	Mean (SD)	Range	Mean (SD)	Range
Demographics
Age (yr)	35.25 (10.93)	20-59	36.15 (10.54)	19-54	37.80 (7.85)	22-49
Education (yr)	15.05 (2.86)	10-20	13.45 (2.86)	9-20	13.40 (2.01)	11-19
Predicted IQ (NART)	113.10 (9.91)	91-128	109.20 (10.80)	86-122	106.10 (7.87)	90-119
Clinical characteristics
BIS			11.65 (0.57)	13-14	5.88 (2.05)	1-8
Age at illness onset (yr)			25.90 (8.72)	13-48	23.85 (5.84)	10-37
PANSS positive symptoms			16.15 (5.38)	8-25	17.05 (4.43)	8-23
PANSS negative symptoms			17.20 (4.38)	7-27	18.15 (5.46)	8-27
PANSS general psychopathology			34.35 (7.36)	24-56	31.55 (6.27)	21-40
PANSS total symptoms			67.70 (14.90)	43-108	66.75 (14.02)	37-86
Medication (chlorpromazine equivalent in mg)			461.21 (333.95)	100-1600	556.63 (366.49)	200-1367
Medication type
Atypical antipsychotics			18 (9 olanzapine, 5 risperidone, 3 clozapine, 1 quetiapine)		13 (7 olanzapine, 3 clozapine, 1 aripiprazole, 1 amisulpride, 1 risperidone)
Typical antipsychotics			2 (1 sulpiride, 1 haloperidol)		5 (2 flupenthixol, 1 fluphenazine, 1 sulpiride, 1 haloperidol)
Both			--		2 (1 on clozapine + levomepromazine, 1 zuclopenthixol + aripiprazole)

NART: National Adult Reading Test[44]; BIS: Birchwood insight scale[41]; PANSS: Positive and negative syndrome scale[43].

Table 2 Group differences in grey matter volumes (height threshold P < 0.005)

Groups	BA	Size	Side	MNI			T value	Cluster P FWE-corrected unless in italics	Voxel P FWE-corrected
				X	Y	Z
Insight⁺ > Insight^- patients
Superior temporal gyrus	22	46555	R	63	-3	5	4.91	0.001	0.020
				45	20	-33	4.74		0.034
				66	-8	4	4.68		0.040
Precentral gyrus	4			66	-5	22	4.55		0.057
Inferior frontal gyrus	47			54	19	0	4.52		0.063
Precentral gyrus	6			64	0	26	4.40		0.088
Postcentral gyrus	43			66	-8	16	4.33		0.106
parahippocampus	28			14	0	-27	4.07		0.406
Inferior frontal gyrus	47	103898	L	-41	15	-6	4.81	< 0.001	0.027
Middle frontal gyrus	9			-37	19	35	4.74		0.034
Inferior frontal gyrus	47			-37	15	-10	4.73		0.035
				-35	20	-10	4.54		0.059
Precentral gyrus	44			-59	8	7	4.39		0.091
Superior temporal gyrus	22			-62	-4	8	4.36		0.097
Precentral gyrus	6			-60	4	6	4.33		0.107
Middle temporal gyrus	21			-35	-3	-23	4.27		0.126
parahippocampal gyrus	20			-34	-5	-28	4.16		0.166
Cuneus	18	35993	L	-5	-83	5	4.43	0.003	0.082
Cerebellum	-		R	35	-90	-17	4.26		0.129
Cuneus	18		R	26	-93	-18	3.90		0.305
Cerebellum	-		R	4	-61	2	3.88		0.317
Cuneus	18		R	5	-98	10	3.50		0.630
			R	5	-96	3	3.44		0.674
Cerebellum	-		L	-36	-82	-15	3.38		0.730
Insight^- > Insight⁺ patients
Nil significant
Healthy controls > Insight^- patients
Inferior frontal gyrus	47	35300	L	-49	19	-3	4.63	0.004	0.046
Superior temporal gyrus	22			-60	1	3	4.30		0.115
Inferior frontal gyrus	47			-41	18	-5	4.21		0.144
				-38	22	-8	4.19		0.153
				-36	-1	-14	3.86		0.333
Inferior temporal gyrus	20			-28	-14	-41	3.61		0.530
Parahippocamal gyrus	34			-13	4	-23	3.58		0.552
Middle frontal gyrus	11			-42	40	-19	3.39		0.722
Inferior occipital gyrus	18	11168	L	-38	-92	-2	4.51	0.034	0.065
Middle occipital gyrus	19			-52	-76	-10	4.29		0.117
				-48	-80	-14	3.96		0.266
				-49	-81	7	3.90		0.302
Middle temporal gyrus	39/			-53	-72	22	3.37		0.740
	19			-52	-74	18	3.33		0.768
				-49	-76	20	3.29		0.797
Cerebellum	-	25235	R	35	-90	-17	4.46	0.016	0.074
(posterior lobe)				11	-90	-37	4.21		0.146
Occipital lobe	18			23	-94	-18	4.01		0.238
Cerebellum				34	-85	-40	3.93		0.355
(posterior lobe)				38	-82	-41	3.91		0.489
Insight^- patients > healthy controls
Nil significant
Healthy control > Insight⁺ patients
Nil significant
Insight⁺ patients > healthy controls
Nil significant

BA: Brodmann area; L: Left; R: Right; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 3 Group differences in grey matter volumes after co-varying for education and National Adult Reading Test IQ (height threshold P < 0.005)

Groups	BA	Size	Side	MNI			T value	Cluster P FWE-corrected unless shown in italics	Voxel P FWE-corrected
				X	Y	Z
Insight⁺ > Insight^- patients
Superior Temporal gyrus	22	37261	R	63	-3	5	4.70	0.002	0.044
				45	20	-33	4.56		0.066
				66	-8	4	4.45		0.088
Precentral gyrus	4			66	-5	22	4.44		0.092
Inferior frontal gyrus	47			54	19	0	4.39		0.103
Precentral gyrus	6			64	0	26	4.28		0.137
Postcentral gyrus	43			66	-8	16	4.15		0.192
Inferior frontal gyrus	47	65047	L	-42	16	-4	4.65	< 0.001	0.050
				-38	14	-8	4.65		0.052
				-36	18	-10	4.52		0.073
Middle frontal gyrus	9			-37	19	35	4.52		0.073
Superior temporal gyrus	22			-61	-2	7	4.28		0.139
Precentral gyrus	44			-59	9	9	4.17		0.184
Parahippocampual gyrus	21			-34	-3	-36	4.10		0.213
Cuneus	18	24291	L	-5	-83	5	4.32	0.014	0.125
Cerebellum	-		R	35	-90	-17	4.17		0.181
Cuneus	18		R	26	-93	-18	3.73		0.466
Cerebellum	-		R	4	-61	2	3.80		0.409
Cuneus	18		R	5	-98	10	3.35		0.787
Medial frontal gyrus	10	16854	L	0	60	3	3.98	0.050	0.285
Superior frontal gyrus	9			0	51	26	3.64		0.544
Insight^- > Insight⁺ patients
Nil significant
Healthy controls > Insight^- patients
Inferior frontal gyrus	47	9770	L	-51	19	-2	3.68	0.036	0.511
Superior temporal gyrus	38			-21	5	-24	3.35		0.786
Inferior frontal gyrus	47			-26	18	-7	3.34		0.796
Parahippocampal gyrus	34			-16	4	-23	3.29		0.827
Inferior occipital gyrus	18	4935	L	-38	-92	-2	3.92	0.122	0.323
Middle occipital gyrus	19			-52	-76	-10	3.70		0.494
				-44	-83	8	3.37		0.775
Middle temporal gyrus	18			-43	-81	13	3.22		0.873
Cerebellum (posterior lobe)	-	6085	R	35	-90	-17	3.68	0.089	0.304
				11	-90	-37	3.60		0.378
Occipital lobe	18			28	-94	-16	3.32		0.656
				23	-94	-18	3.26		0.713
Insight^- patients > healthy controls
Nil significant
Healthy controls > Insight⁺ patients
Nil significant
Insight⁺ patients > healthy controls
Nil significant

BA: Brodmann area; L: Left; R: Right; MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

Citation: Sapara A, Ffytche DH, Cooke MA, Williams SC, Kumari V. Voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging investigation of poor and preserved clinical insight in people with schizophrenia. World J Psychiatr 2016; 6(3): 311-321
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v6/i3/311.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.311