Impact of postpartum persistent depression on infant developmental behavior and maternal self-efficacy

Table 1 Basic characteristics of infants and mothers

Characteristic variable	Classify	Number of cases (n = 60)	Composition ratio (%)
Gender	Male	32	53.33
	Female	28	46.67
Delivery method	Vaginal delivery	35	58.33
	Cesarean section	25	41.67
Birth weight	Low birth weight	1	1.67
	Normal birth weight	53	88.33
	Macrosomia	6	10.00
Maternal age at birth (years)	< 25	9	15.00
	25-29	31	51.67
	> 29	20	33.33
Paternal age at birth (years)	< 26	9	15.00
	26-32	35	58.33
	> 32	16	26.67
Term birth	Full-term infant	58	96.67
	Preterm birth	2	3.33
Maternal education level	High school or below	18	30.00
	College (associate degree)	19	31.67
	Bachelor's degree or above	23	38.33
Paternal education level	High school or below	18	30.00
	College (associate degree)	19	31.67
	Bachelor's degree or above	23	38.33
Per capita household income (yuan)	< 2500	7	11.67
	2500-4000	22	36.67
	> 4000	31	51.67
Account	Agricultural	18	30.00
	Non-agricultural	42	70.00

Table 2 Self-efficacy of parturients and developmental behavior of infants (points, mean ± SD)

Items		Score
Infant developmental behavior	Communication	51.38 ± 7.31
	Gross motor	38.44 ± 12.15
	Fine motor	46.68 ± 11.07
	Problem solving	48.51 ± 11.37
	Personal-social	41.59 ± 10.28
Maternal self-efficacy	Skill proficiency	45.68 ± 5.49
	Emotional adjustment	46.37 ± 3.72

Table 3 Correlation analysis of persistent postpartum depression in parturients and infant development behavior and self-efficacy

Project	Postpartum persistent depression	Infant developmental behavior	Maternal self-efficacy
Postpartum persistent depression	1	-	-
Infant developmental behavior	-0.657	1	-
Maternal self-efficacy	-0.439	0.728	1

Table 4 Fitting indicators of the structural equation model

Fit indices	χ2/df	GFI	AGFI	NFI	RFI	IFI	TLI	CFI	RMSEA
Model values	2.539	0.928	0.931	0.959	0.962	0.908	0.941	0.937	0.065
Reference range	< 3	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	> 0.9	< 0.08

Table 5 Estimation results of the model path coefficients

Path	Unstandardized path coefficient	Standardized path coefficient	SE	Critical ratio	P value
Persistent depression -self-efficacy	-0.159	-0.349	0.063	-2.524	0.012
Self-efficacy - infant developmental behavior	0.661	0.637	0.112	5.902	< 0.001
Persistent depression - infant developmental behavior	-0.257	-0.212	0.085	-3.024	0.002

Table 6 Bootstrap analysis of the significance test of mediating effects

Effect type	Path	Effect value	Boot standard error	Boot CI lower limit	Boot CI upper limit	Effect proportion (%)
Total effect	Persistent postpartum depression - infant developmental behavior	-0.469	0.071	-0.608	-0.331	100
Direct effect	Persistent postpartum depression - infant developmental behavior	-0.212	0.085	-0.379	-0.045	45.20
Indirect effect	Persistent depression - self-efficacy - infant developmental behavior	-0.257	0.063	-0.381	-0.133	54.80

CI: Confidence interval.