Effect of ChatGPT use on eating disorders and body image

Table 1 Bulimia nervosa and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I tend to constantly purge the foods I eat to prevent weight gain. What do you think of this?	I'm sorry you're going through this. Constantly purging food to avoid weight gain can be a sign of bulimia nervosa or another eating disorder, which can seriously affect both physical and emotional well-being. This cycle can harm your body, impacting your digestive system, heart health, and mental state

ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

Table 2 Anorexia nervosa and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I am terrified of gaining weight. I have had recurring attacks of binge eating or vomiting behavior for the last 3 months. How do you interpret this?	It sounds like you may be experiencing symptoms associated with an eating disorder, possibly bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. Your fear of gaining weight and recurring binge eating or vomiting suggest a cycle of disordered eating behaviors that could have serious physical and emotional consequences
I have not had my period for months, and my BMI is 15	Your lack of menstruation (amenorrhea), very low BMI (15), fear of weight gain, and bingeing or purging behaviors are severe warning signs of an eating disorder, possibly anorexia nervosa (binge-purge type) or severe restrictive eating behaviors

ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Binge eating disorder and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I suddenly eat large amounts of food, and I can't stop. I consume large quantities of food, and I feel ashamed of it. What disease or condition does this resemble?	What you’re describing sounds like BED, which is a recognized eating disorder characterized by: Eating large amounts of food in a short period; feeling out of control while eating; experiencing guilt, shame, or distress afterward; eating even when not physically hungry; and sometimes, eating alone due to embarrassment
	BED is different from overeating because it involves a loss of control and emotional distress. Unlike bulimia, BED does not include purging (vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative use)

BED: Binge eating disorder; ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

Table 4 Pica and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I am currently prone to eating non-nutrient things like soil. What disease is this?	What you’re describing sounds like Pica, a condition where a person has a persistent craving for non-nutritive substances like soil, chalk, clay, or ice. Pica can be associated with nutrient deficiencies, particularly iron deficiency anemia or zinc deficiency, as well as underlying conditions like pregnancy, stress, or developmental disorders

ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

Table 5 Rumination disorder and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I vomit the food I eat, and sometimes I swallow and chew it again. What do you think about this?	What you're describing sounds like rumination syndrome, a condition where food is brought back up from the stomach into the mouth, often involuntarily, and sometimes re-chewed or swallowed again. This can be caused by behavioral, psychological, and physiological factors

ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

Table 6 Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Question	Answer (ChatGPT)
I have lost interest in food, and I feel disgusted. What do you think about this?	I'm sorry you're feeling this way. Losing interest in food and feeling disgusted by it can be concerning, significantly if it's affecting your well-being. This could be related to stress, anxiety, depression, sensory sensitivities, or even a medical condition. Have you noticed any other changes in your mood, energy levels, or digestion?
I constantly avoid foods and restrict my diet without worrying about my weight or body image. What is your comment on this?	You may be experiencing something beyond typical dietary preferences. Avoiding foods and restricting your diet without concern for weight or body image could be linked to conditions such as avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, sensory sensitivities, anxiety, or even underlying medical issues affecting appetite and digestion

ChatGPT: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer.

Table 7 Possible misleading situations in diagnosing eating disorders in DSM-V using Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer

Eating disorder type	Situations with potential for confusion according to criteria in DSM-V
AN	Whether or not there is significant weight loss can make it challenging to diagnose AN and atypical AN
BN	Vomiting or laxative use may occur with anorexia, which can make the diagnosis of BN difficult
	The frequency and duration of vomiting are essential in BN; otherwise, it is classified as OSFED. In this case, there is a high probability of confusion
AN-BN	Purging behaviors are seen in both anorexia and bulimia nervosa, which may lead to confusion of the diagnosis of purging disorder with AN or BN
BED	Binge eating disorder is classified as OSFED when less than once a week and/or for less than 3 months
	It is said that bipolar disorder and binge eating disorder occur together, which may cause binge eating symptoms to be ignored and treatment to be started late in people with bipolar disorder

AN: Anorexia Nervosa; BN: Bulimia Nervosa; BED: Binge eating disorder; OSFED: Other specified feeding and eating disorders.