Neural correlates of rumination in remitted depressive episodes: Brain network connectivity and topology analyses

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i6.105555

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Jun 19, 2025 (publication date) through Jun 1, 2025

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Jun 19, 2025; 15(6): 105555
Published online Jun 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i6.105555

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with remitted depressive episodes

Characteristics	Value
Demographic, P₅₀ (P₂₅, P₇₅)
Age, year	23 (20, 25)
Sex (female%)	38/51 (74.5)
Education, year	15 (13, 16)
Clinical characteristics, P₅₀ (P₂₅, P₇₅)
HAMD-17 (SD)	3.10 (2.29)
Onset age, year	21.0 (18, 24)
First onset (%)	29/51 (56.9)
Number of episodes	1 (1, 2)
Current illness duration, month	8 (1, 15)
Total illness duration, month	16 (8, 36)
Antidepressant (%)	34/51 (66.7)

P₅₀: 50^th percentile; P₂₅: 25^th percentile; P₇₅: 75^th percentile; HAMD-17: Hamilton Depression Scale-17.

Table 2 The topological metrics in rumination and distraction states

	Rumination state	Distraction state	P value
Clustering coefficient	0.1627 (0.1586, 0.1710)	0.1653 (0.1605, 0.1775)	0.002^a
Shortest path length	0.5825 (0.5777, 0.5891)	0.5838 (0.5787, 0.6010)	0.002^a
Global efficiency	0.1872 (0.1861, 0.1879)	0.1870 (0.1844, 0.1878)	0.002^a
Local efficiency	0.2346 (0.2327, 0.2390)	0.2359 (0.2340, 0.2415)	0.002^a
Small-worldness	0.5849 (0.5643, 0.6059)	0.5835 (0.5593, 0.6066)	0.391
Modularity	0.1017 (0.0976, 0.1079)	0.1051 (0.1017, 0.1128)	0.015
After normalization
Clustering coefficient	0.6294 (0.5988, 0.6500)	0.6294 (0.6088, 0.6582)	0.914
Shortest path length	0.3290 (0.3264, 0.3329)	0.3295 (0.3276, 0.3379)	0.003^a

^aP < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction.

Table 3 The correlations between the topological metrics and the three dimensions of the Ruminative Response Scale

	RRS brooding			RRS reflection		RRS depression
	r	P value	r		P value	r	P value
Clustering coefficient	0.3374	0.017^a	0.3874		0.005^a	0.3087	0.029^a
Shortest path length	0.3456	0.014^a	0.3833		0.006^a	0.3000	0.034^a
Global efficiency	-0.3611	0.010^a	-0.3953		0.004^a	-0.3130	0.027^a
Local efficiency	0.3320	0.018^a	0.3901		0.005^a	0.3221	0.023^a
Normalized shortest path length	0.3499	0.013^a	0.3919		0.004^a	0.3104	0.028^a

^aP < 0.05 after false discovery rates correction.

r = Pearson's r. RRS: The Ruminative Response Scale.

Citation: Li KN, Tang SX, Tao YF, He HR, Ma MH, Zhang QQ, Huang M, Chen WT, Liang H, Deng AQ, Gao SR, Meng FY, Peng YL, Ju YM, Ou WW, Shu S, Zhang Y. Neural correlates of rumination in remitted depressive episodes: Brain network connectivity and topology analyses. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(6): 105555
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i6/105555.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i6.105555