Status of anxiety and depression among chronic heart failure patients: Factors influencing poor fluid restriction adherence

Table 1 Univariate analysis of depression in chronic heart failure patients, n (%)

Variable	n	Depression (n = 90)	Non-depression (n = 210)	χ2	P value
Gender				1.149	0.284
Male	174	48 (53.33)	126 (60.00)
Female	126	42 (46.67)	84 (40.00)
Age (years)				9.790	0.002
< 60	142	55 (61.11)	87 (41.43)
≥ 60	158	35 (38.89)	123 (58.57)
Disease course (years)				0.338	0.561
< 3	139	44 (48.89)	95 (45.24)
≥ 3	161	46 (51.11)	115 (54.76)
NYHA grading				5.794	0.015
I-II	149	35 (38.89)	114 (54.29)
III-IV	151	55 (61.11)	96 (45.71)
Smoking history				3.777	0.052
Without	115	27 (30.00)	88 (41.90)
With	185	63 (70.00)	122 (58.10)
Alcohol consumption history				1.465	0.226
Without	119	31 (34.44)	88 (41.90)
With	181	59 (65.56)	122 (58.10)
Monthly income (CNY)				2.086	0.149
< 5000	118	41 (45.56)	77 (36.67)
≥ 5000	182	49 (54.44)	133 (63.33)
Marital status				10.227	0.001
Single	132	27 (30.00)	105 (50.00)
Married	168	63 (70.00)	105 (50.00)
Educational attainment				8.269	0.004
Below senior high school	129	50 (55.56)	79 (37.62)
Senior high school or above	171	40 (44.44)	131 (62.38)
Family support				9.300	0.002
Without	153	58 (64.44)	95 (45.24)
With	147	32 (35.56)	115 (54.76)
Thirst sensation				1.655	0.198
None or mild	157	42 (46.67)	115 (54.76)
Moderate-severe	143	48 (53.33)	95 (45.24)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for depression onset in chronic heart failure patients

Factor	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Age (years)	-0.871	0.275	10.059	0.002	0.418	0.244-0.717
NYHA grading	0.714	0.277	6.654	0.010	2.043	1.187-3.515
Marital status	0.993	0.287	11.963	0.001	2.698	1.537-4.735
Educational attainment	0.695	0.278	7.532	0.006	0.467	0.271-0.804
Family support	0.695	0.279	6.227	0.013	2.004	1.161-3.461

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of anxiety in chronic heart failure patients, n (%)

Variable	n	Anxiety (n = 130)	Non-anxiety (n = 170)	χ2	P value
Gender				10.006	0.002
Male	174	62 (47.69)	112 (65.88)
Female	126	68 (52.31)	58 (34.12)
Age (years)				3.903	0.048
< 60	142	70 (53.85)	72 (42.35)
≥ 60	158	60 (46.15)	98 (57.65)
Disease course (years)				3.293	0.070
< 3	139	68 (52.31)	71 (41.76)
≥ 3	161	62 (47.69)	99 (58.24)
NYHA grading				3.862	0.049
I-II	149	73 (56.15)	76 (44.71)
III-IV	151	57 (43.85)	94 (55.29)
Smoking history				5.553	0.019
Without	115	40 (30.77)	75 (44.12)
With	185	90 (69.23)	95 (55.88)
Alcohol consumption history				8.957	0.003
Without	119	39 (30.00)	80 (47.06)
With	181	91 (70.00)	90 (52.94)
Monthly income (CNY)				10.939	< 0.001
< 5000	118	65 (50.00)	53 (31.18)
≥ 5000	182	65 (50.00)	117 (68.82)
Marital status				2.856	0.091
Single	132	50 (38.46)	82 (48.24)
Married	168	80 (61.54)	88 (51.76)
Educational attainment				6.824	0.009
Below senior high school	129	67 (51.54)	62 (36.47)
Senior high school or above	171	63 (48.46)	108 (63.53)
Family support				4.698	0.030
Without	153	57 (43.85)	96 (56.47)
With	147	73 (56.15)	74 (43.53)
Thirst sensation				0.225	0.635
None or mild	157	66 (50.77)	91 (53.53)
Moderate-severe	143	64 (49.23)	79 (46.47)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors affecting anxiety in chronic heart failure patients

Factor	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Gender	0.855	0.263	10.530	0.001	2.351	1.403-3.940
Age (years)	-0.446	0.256	3.031	0.082	0.640	0.388-1.058
NYHA grading	-0.356	0.255	1.945	0.163	0.701	0.425-1.155
Smoking history	0.593	0.266	4.989	0.026	1.810	1.075-3.047
Alcohol consumption history	0.792	0.267	8.776	0.003	2.208	1.307-3.730
Monthly income (CNY)	0.849	0.263	10.446	0.001	2.337	1.397-3.910
Educational attainment	0.528	0.256	4.267	0.039	1.696	1.027-2.800
Family support	-0.293	0.257	1.304	0.253	0.746	0.451-1.234

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 5 Univariate analysis of factors influencing fluid restriction adherence in chronic heart failure patients, n (%)

Variable	n	Fluid restriction adherence (n = 84)	Fluid restriction non-adherence (n = 216)	χ2	P value
Gender				1.243	0.365
Male	174	53 (63.10)	121 (56.02)
Female	126	31 (36.90)	95 (43.98)
Age (years)				6.318	0.012
< 60	142	30 (35.71)	112 (51.85)
≥ 60	158	54 (64.29)	104 (48.15)
Disease course (years)				1.610	0.205
< 3	139	34 (40.48)	105 (48.61)
≥ 3	161	50 (59.52)	111 (51.39)
NYHA grading				0.196	0.658
I-II	149	40 (47.62)	109 (50.46)
III-IV	151	44 (52.38)	107 (49.54)
Smoking history				0.045	0.832
Without	115	33 (39.29)	82 (37.96)
With	185	51 (60.71)	134 (62.04)
Alcohol consumption history				0.195	0.659
Without	119	35 (41.67)	84 (38.89)
With	181	49 (58.33)	132 (61.11)
Monthly income (CNY)				1.087	0.297
< 5000	118	37 (44.05)	81 (37.50)
≥ 5000	182	47 (55.95)	135 (62.50)
Marital status				0.073	0.788
Single	132	38 (45.24)	94 (43.52)
Married	168	46 (54.76)	122 (56.48)
Educational attainment				1.016	0.314
Below senior high school	129	40 (47.62)	89 (41.20)
Senior high school or above	171	44 (52.38)	127 (58.80)
Family support				0.002	0.967
Without	153	43 (51.19)	110 (50.93)
With	147	41 (48.81)	106 (49.07)
Thirst sensation				4.285	0.039
None or mild	157	52 (61.90)	105 (48.61)
Moderate-severe	143	32 (38.10)	111 (51.39)
Anxiety				4.751	0.029
< 50	170	56 (66.67)	114 (52.78)
≥ 50	130	28 (33.33)	102 (47.22)
Depression				8.192	0.004
< 53	210	69 (82.14)	141 (65.28)
≥ 53	90	15 (17.86)	75 (34.72)

NYHA: New York Heart Association.

Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors affecting fluid restriction adherence in chronic heart failure patients

Factor	β	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Age (years)	0.516	0.277	3.471	0.062	1.675	0.973-2.883
Thirst sensation	0.637	0.275	5.385	0.020	1.891	1.104-3.239
Anxiety	0.556	0.277	4.030	0.045	1.744	1.013-3.001
Depression	0.728	0.327	4.957	0.026	2.071	1.091-3.932