Study on the correlation between insomnia degree and quality of life in psychiatric outpatients in Chifeng city

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data among the three groups, n (%)

Index	Degree of insomnia			F/χ2	P value
	Mild (n = 137)	Moderate (n = 162)	Severe (n = 46)
Gender (male/female)	52 /85	61 /101	15 /31	0.462	0.794
Age (years)	43.26 ± 5.38	43.59 ± 6.36	45.11 ± 5.81	1.698	0.185
BMI (kg/m2)	24. 26 ± 3. 42	25.07 ± 3. 38	24.59 ± 3.51	2.079	0.127
Education				1.040	0.595
Junior high school and below	92 (67.15)	116 (71.60)	30 (65.22)
Above junior middle school	45 (32.85)	46 (28.40)	16 (34.78)
Marital status				1.205	0.877
Spinsterhood	18 (13.14)	26 (16.05)	8 (17.39)
Married	113 (82.48)	129 (79.63)	32 (76.09)
Other (divorced or widowed)	6 (4.38)	7 (4.32)	3 (6.52)
Occupation				4.399	0.355
Brainwork	72 (52.55)	87 (53.70)	21 (45.65)
Manual labour	51 (37.23)	49 (30.25)	16 (34.78)
Unemployed or retired	14 (10.22)	26 (16.05)	9 (19.57)
Course of disease (month)	59.42 ± 5.89	60.89 ± 5.62	60.96 ± 5.10	2.851	0.059
Smoking	21 (15.33)	28 (17.28)	10 (21.74)	1.005	0.605
Drinking	15 (10.95)	21 (12.96)	7 (15.22)	0.645	0.724
Complicated chronic disease	13 (9.49)	15 (9.26)	4 (8.69)	0.026	0.987

This table compares the continuous variables (e.g., age, body mass index, disease duration) of the three groups of patients by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the categorical variables (e.g., gender, education level, and marital status) of the three groups of patients by χ² test, and the results show that there is no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Comparison of self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale in patients with different degree of primary insomnia

Index		SDS score	SAS score
Degree of insomnia	Mild (n = 137)	46.80 ± 5.07	41.85 ± 5.89
	Moderate (n = 162)	52.75 ± 5.57	47.65 ± 5.57
	Severe (n = 46)	58.15 ± 5.05	53.07 ± 5.87
F		93.437	77.122
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001

This table compares the depression self-rating depression scale (SDS) and anxiety self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores of patients with different degrees of insomnia by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed a significant increase in SDS and SAS scores as the degree of insomnia increased (P < 0.001). SDS: Self-rating depression scale; SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale.

Table 3 Comparison of short form 36 score in patients with different degree of primary insomnia

Index	Degree of insomnia			F	P value
	Mild (n = 137)	Moderate (n = 162)	Severe (n = 46)
Physiological function	87.88 ± 7.91	87.32 ± 6.99	80.24 ± 11.84	16.344	< 0.001
Role physical	68.74 ± 13.67	54.46 ± 15.63	34.09 ± 12.94	104.18	< 0.001
Body pain	83.12 ± 13.38	73.40 ± 15.62	77.15 ± 11.34	17.336	< 0.001
General health	61.69 ± 10.13	47.17 ± 8.63	40.91 ± 17.88	94.574	< 0.001
Vitality	65.40 ± 11.12	59.24 ± 15.96	45.30 ± 17.60	33.391	< 0.001
Social function	69.14 ± 17.14	66.47 ± 10.10	53.98 ± 10.30	22.444	< 0.001
Role emotional	62.47 ± 14.54	52.32 ± 15.61	32.22 ± 11.76	73.917	< 0.001
Mental health	61.09 ± 10.60	58.09 ± 17.38	49.04 ± 16.28	11.264	< 0.001

This table compares the short form 36 scores of patients with different degrees of insomnia using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the scores of all dimensions except the physical pain dimension decreased significantly (P < 0.001) as the degree of insomnia increase.

Table 4 Correlation analysis between the severity of primary insomnia and depression and anxiety

Index		SDS score	SAS score
SDS score	Pearson correlation coefficient	-	R = 0.377, P < 0.001
	Partial correlation coefficient		R = 0.112, P = 0.038
SAS score	Pearson correlation coefficient	R = 0.377, P < 0.001	-
	Partial correlation coefficient	R = 0.112, P = 0.038
PSQI score	Pearson correlation coefficient	R = 0.571, P < 0.001	R = 0.524, P < 0.001
	Partial correlation coefficient	R = 0.473, P < 0.001	R = 0.406, P < 0.001

This table assesses the relationship between insomnia severity Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI score) and depression self-rating depression scale (SDS score) and anxiety self-rating anxiety scale (SAS score) by Pearson correlation analysis (Pearson correlation). The results showed that both SDS scores and SAS scores were significantly and positively correlated with PSQI scores (P < 0.001). SDS: Self-rating depression scale; SAS: Self-rating anxiety scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index.

Table 5 Correlation analysis between the severity of primary insomnia and life quality

Index	PSQI score
	Pearson correlation coefficient	Partial correlation coefficient
Physiological function	R = -0.236, P < 0.001	R = -0.156, P = 0.004
Role physical	R = -0.586, P < 0.001	R = -0.406, P < 0.001
Body pain	R = -0.165, P = 0.002	R = -0.041, P = 0.455
General health	R = -0.560, P < 0.001	R = -0.431, P < 0.001
Vitality	R = -0.342, P < 0.001	R = -0.164, P = 0.002
Social function	R = -0.266, P < 0.001	R = -0.105, P = 0.045
Role emotional	R = -0.478, P < 0.001	R= -0.241, P < 0.001
Mental health	R = -0.246, P < 0.001	R = -0.168, P = 0.002

This table assesses the relationship between insomnia severity Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI score) and short form 36 (SF-36) quality of life scores by Pearson correlation and partial correlation analysis. The results showed that PSQI scores were significantly negatively correlated with several dimensions of the SF-36 (P < 0.001). PSQI: Pittsburgh sleep quality index.