Influence of preoperative comprehensive education on anxiety, depression, pain, and sleep in elderly patients operated under general anesthesia

Table 1 Comparative analysis of general data, n (%)

Indicators	Research group (n = 86)	Control group (n = 77)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years old)	57.63 ± 7.39	58.44 ± 6.81	0.725	0.469
Body mass index (kg/m2)	21.31 ± 2.37	21.55 ± 2.24	0.662	0.509
Sex			1.086	0.297
Male	45 (52.33)	34 (44.16)
Female	41 (47.67)	43 (55.84)
ASA grading			0.034	0.983
Grade I	34 (39.53)	30 (38.96)
Grade II	29 (33.72)	27 (35.06)
Grade III	23 (26.74)	20 (25.97)
Surgical grading			0.237	0.972
Grade I	21 (24.42)	18 (23.38)
Grade II	25 (29.07)	22 (28.57)
Grade III	24 (27.91)	24 (31.17)
Grade IV	16 (18.60)	13 (16.88)
Anesthesia mode			0.547	0.908
Epidural anesthesia	27 (31.40)	23 (29.87)
Subarachnoid block	15 (17.44)	11 (14.29)
Block anesthesia	18 (20.93)	19 (24.68)
Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia	26 (30.23)	24 (31.17)

The inter-group comparison of quantitative data and categorical data employed the χ² test and the independent sample t-test, respectively. ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Inter-group comparison of surgical indicators

Groups	n	Operation time (minute)	Time to complete regain of consciousness (minute)	Temperature immediately after the procedure (°C)	Temperature upon recovery from anesthesia (°C)
Research group	86	143.17 ± 13.31	27.90 ± 2.66	36.38 ± 1.04	36.85 ± 0.49
Control group	77	188.12 ± 19.26	43.09 ± 3.17	35.62 ± 0.82	36.09 ± 0.64
t	-	17.480	33.250	5.139	8.562
P value	-	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Independent sample t-tests were used for inter-group comparisons of quantitative data.

Table 3 Inter-group comparison of sleep disturbances, n (%)

Indicators	Research group (n = 86)	Control group (n = 77)	χ2	P value
Difficulty in falling asleep for the first time	3 (3.49)	7 (9.09)	-	-
Difficulty in falling asleep again after waking up frequently at night	2 (2.33)	8 (10.39)	-	-
Difficulty in falling asleep again after waking up early	2 (2.33)	5 (6.49)	-	-
Difficulty in falling asleep all night	0 (0.00)	3 (3.90)	-	-
Total	7 (8.14)	23 (29.87)	12.771	< 0.001

The inter-group comparison of categorical data was conducted using the χ² test.

Table 4 Inter-group comparison of the incidence of adverse events, n (%)

Indicators	Research group (n = 86)	Control group (n = 77)	χ2	P value
Respiratory tract obstruction	1 (1.16)	4 (5.19)	-	-
Catheter detachment	2 (2.33)	4 (5.19)	-	-
Aspiration	1 (1.16)	5 (6.49)	-	-
Asphyxia	0 (0.00)	2 (2.60)	-	-
Total	4 (4.65)	15 (19.48)	8.676	0.003

The χ² test was used for the inter-group comparison of categorical data.