Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Psychiatry. Mar 19, 2022; 12(3): 450-469
Published online Mar 19, 2022. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i3.450
Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of persons with aphasia
Patient
Sex/handedness
Age (yr)
Education (yr)
Stroke duration (mo)
Barthel index1
Lesion volume (cm3)
Aphasia type2
Antidepressants
1F/R50128080113.33ConductionSertraline
2M/R611410390163.02BrocaCitalopram
3M/R49176190210.38BrocaNo
4M/R42114510099.31AnomicCitalopram
5M/R638118523.16ConductionNo
6F/R581212695188.76AnomicNo
7M/R6012456044.96AnomicNo
8M/R5414449066.97AnomicNo
9M/R5113780225.69AnomicAmitriptyline
10M/R54101990282.59WernickeNo
11F/R5815669598.84BrocaNo
12F/R611217454.47AnomicSertraline
13M/R32181010034.01WernickeSertraline
14M/R498138017.45AnomicNo
15F/R288610051.26AnomicNo
16F/R65171310026.10WernickeNo
17M/R6417120100157.58AnomicNo
18F/R65171375158.25BrocaNo
19M/R5881710069.66WernickeNo
20M/R63171010050.43WernickeFluoxetine
Median 58 12.5189084.25
Table 2 Incidence and composite score of neuropsychiatric symptoms based on the domain-general neuropsychiatric inventory evaluation
NPI symptom
No. of PWA with NPS (max. 20)
Percentage of PWA with NPS (%)
Composite NPI score1
Depression15754
Irritability14702
Agitation14702
Anxiety13652.5
Appetite/eating disorders13651
Apathy10504.5
Disinhibition9451
Sleep/nighttime disturbances8401.5
Euphoria152
Aberrant motor behavior152
Hallucinations151
Delusions000
Table 3 Incidence and median score of neuropsychiatric diagnoses based on domain-specific scales
Domain-specific scale (range)
No. of PWA with diagnoses
Percentage of PWA with diagnosis (%)
Median score (range)
SADQ-10, depression (0-30)63015 (14-19)
SADQ-10, subthreshold depression (0-30)94514 (13-19)
SAS, apathy (0-42)94512 (1-35)
HADS, anxiety (0-21)6305 (0-12)
HADS, depression (0-21)3155.5 (1-14)
Table 4 Correlations between neuropsychiatric inventory-subdomains and domain-specific scales
Domain-specific scale
NPI-subdomains
Spearman correlation (rs)
SADQ-10NPI-depression0.67, P < 0.001a
NPI-anxiety0.60, P < 0.005a
NPI-apathy0.43, P = 0.540
NPI-agitation0.60, P < 0.005a
NPI-irritability0.63, P < 0.003a
HADSNPI-depression0.38, P = 0.820
NPI-anxiety0.27, P = 0.240
NPI-apathy0.27, P = 0.243
NPI-agitation0.14, P = 0.540
NPI-irritability0.11, P = 0.620
SASNPI-depression0.50, P < 0.023b
NPI-anxiety0.30, P = 0.192
NPI-apathy0.58, P < 0.006a
NPI-agitation0.18, P = 0.440
NPI-irritability0.09, P = 0.700