Classification of subtypes of patients with eating disorders by correspondence analysis

doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.375

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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World J Psychiatr. Jul 19, 2021; 11(7): 375-387
Published online Jul 19, 2021. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.375

Table 1 Distribution of the active variables related to the patients with eating disorders: Sociodemographic and health-related quality of life variables

	n (%)		Type of patient					P value
	n (%)		A		B	C	D	P value
Active variables	176		42 (23.86)		52 (29.55)	47 (26.70)	35 (19.89)
Sociodemographic variables
Gender (Female)	166 (94.32)		42 (100)		47 (90.38)	44 (93.62)	33 (94.29)	0.25
Age								< 0.0001
≤ 25	42 (23.86)		9 (21.43)		0 (0)	0 (0)	33 (94.29)
26-35	62 (35.23)		22 (52.38)		25 (48.08)	13 (27.66)	2 (5.71)
> 35	72 (40.91)		11 (26.19)		27 (51.92)	34 (72.34)	0 (0)
Marital status								< 0.0001
Single	102 (57.95)		36 (85.71)		26 (50.00)	6 (12.77)	34 (97.14)
Spouse/partner	64 (36.36)		5 (11.90)		25 (48.08)	33 (70.21)	1 (2.86)
Divorced/Widow(er)	10 (5.68)		1 (2.38)		1 (1.92)	8 (17.02)	0 (0)
Educational level								0.007
Primary education	36 (20.45)		7 (16.67)		12 (23.08)	10 (21.28)	7 (20.00)
Secondary education	56 (31.82)		7 (16.67)		17 (32.69)	24 (51.06)	8 (22.86)
Higher education	84 (47.73)		28 (66.67)		23 (44.23)	13 (27.66)	20 (57.14)
Employment status								< 0.0001
Employed	72 (40.91)		20 (47.62)		33 (63.46)	17 (36.17)	2 (5.71)
Unemployed	25 (14.20)		11 (26.19)		8 (15.38)	6 (12.77)	0 (0)
Student	41 (23.30)		6 (14.29)		2 (3.85)	0 (0)	33 (94.29)
Disabled	18 (10.23)		4 (9.52)		2 (3.85)	12 (25.53)	0 (0)
Non-paid work/housewife	20 (11.36)		1 (2.38)		7 (13.46)	12 (25.53)	0 (0)
Living situation								< 0.0001
Alone	13 (7.39)		4 (9.52)		5 (9.62)	3 (6.38)	1 (2.86)
Partner/children	82 (46.59)		8 (19.05)		33 (63.46)	40 (85.11)	1 (2.86)
Friends	14 (7.95)		8 (19.05)		1 (1.92)	3 (6.38)	2 (5.71)
Parents/siblings	67 (38.07)		22 (52.38)		13 (25.00)	1 (2.13)	31 (88.57)
Health-related quality of life variables
MCQ-30									< 0.0001
≤ 57		59 (33.52)		4 (9.52)	30 (57.69)	7 (14.89)	18 (51.43)
58-75		58 (32.95)		23 (54.76)	11 (21.15)	10 (21.28)	14 (40.00)
> 75		59 (33.52)		15 (35.71)	11 (21.15)	30 (63.83)	3 (8.57)
MCQ-30¹		67.0 (18.5)		72.2 (12.4)^BD	57.6 (18.6)^AC	78.4 (18.4)^BD	58.6 (12.8)^AC		< 0.0001
CIA (≥ 16)		100 (56.82)		39 (92.86)	10 (19.23)	39 (82.98)	12 (34.29)		< 0.0001
CIA¹		19.5 (13.6)		30.7 (9.6)^BD	9.2 (8.0)^AC	26.0 (12.8)^BD	12.2 (9.2)^AC		< 0.0001
EAT-12 (≥ 8)		111 (63.07)		41 (97.62)	11 (21.15)	44 (93.62)	15 (42.86)		< 0.0001
EAT-12¹		10.7 (7.5)		16.4 (5.9)^BD	4.9 (4.6)^AC	14.1 (6.2)^BD	7.6 (6.2)^AC		< 0.0001
HeRQoLED-s
SocM (> 50)		84 (47.73)		35 (83.33)	4 (7.69)	35 (74.47)	10 (28.57)		< 0.0001
SocM¹		48.1 (24.0)		63.9 (16.4)^BD	29.0 (15.8)^AC	63.1 (19.4)^BD	36.6 (20.6)^AC		< 0.0001
MHF (> 50)		61 (34.66)		28 (66.67)	2 (3.85)	25 (53.19)	6 (17.14)		< 0.0001
MHF¹		43.5 (21.7)		56.8 (17.8)^BD	29.0 (15.2)^AC	56.9 (17.8)^BD	30.4 (17.0)^AC		< 0.0001
PSWQ-R (> 28)		110 (62.50)		38 (90.48)	18 (34.62)	39 (82.98)	15 (42.86)		< 0.0001
PSWQ-R¹		29.7 (8.3)		34.8 (4.1)^BD	24.4 (8.4)^AC	33.6 (5.9)^BD	25.9 (8.2)^AC		< 0.0001

¹Results showed as mean (standard deviation). Types of patients have been labeled in alphabetical order. The four subtypes (A, B, C and D) identified for the MCA factors “Psychosocial impairment” (first factor), and “Socio-demographic data” (second factor) provide a typology of eating disorders patients. MCQ: Metacognitions questionnaire; CIA: Clinical impairment assessment; EAT-12: Eating attitudes test; HeRQoLED: Health-related quality of life in eating disorder-short form; SocM: Social maladjustment domain; MHF: Mental health and functionality domain; PSWQ-R: Penn state worry questionnaire.

Table 2 Distribution of the illustrative variables, by subtype

	n (%)	Type of patient				P value
	n (%)	A	B	C	D	P value
Illustrative variables
Type of ED						0.11
AN	53 (30.11)	17 (40.48)	13 (25.00)	8 (17.02)	15 (42.86)
BN	34 (19.32)	6 (14.29)	10 (19.23)	13 (27.66)	5 (14.29)
EDNOS	89 (50.57)	19 (45.24)	29 (55.77)	26 (55.32)	15 (42.86)
Subtype of ED						< 0.0001
Restrictive	51 (28.98)	8 (19.05)	16 (30.77)	4 (8.51)	23 (65.71)
Purgative	103 (58.52)	30 (71.43)	28 (53.85)	33 (70.21)	12 (34.29)
Binge	22 (12.50)	4 (9.52)	8 (15.38)	10 (21.28)	0 (0)

Types of patients have been labeled in alphabetical order. The four subtypes (A, B, C and D) identified for the MCA factors “Psychosocial impairment” (first factor), and “Socio-demographic data” (second factor) provide a typology of eating disorders patients. ED: Eating disorder; AN: Anorexia nervosa; BN: Bulimia nervosa; EDNOS: Eating disorder not otherwise specified. Type and subtype of eating disorder are based on DMS-IV-TR.

Table 3 Differences in quality of life among the three groups defined in the literature

	Total	Type of ED			P value
	n (%)	AN, n (%)	BN, n (%)	EDNOS, n (%)
Health-related quality of life variables	176	53 (30.11)	34 (19.32)	89 (50.57)
MCQ-30					0.25
≤ 57	59 (33.52)	17 (32.08)	8 (23.53)	34 (38.20)
58-75	58 (32.95)	22 (41.51)	11 (32.35)	25 (28.09)
> 75	59 (33.52)	14 (26.42)	15 (44.12)	30 (33.71)
MCQ-30¹	67.0 (18.5)	65.3 (19.5)	72.1 (18.5)	66.1 (17.7)	0.19
CIA (≥ 16)	100 (56.82)	32 (60.38)	20 (58.82)	48 (53.93)	0.73
CIA¹	19.5 (13.6)	21.7 (14.4)	21.3 (13.9)	17.6 (12.8)	0.17
EAT-12 (≥ 8)	111 (63.07)	35 (66.04)	22 (64.71)	54 (60.67)	0.8
EAT-12¹	10.7 (7.5)	12.9 (8.6)	12.1 (8.1)	8.9 (6.1)	0.02
HeRQoLED-s
SocM (> 50)	84 (47.73)	25 (47.17)	19 (55.88)	40 (44.94)	0.55
SocM¹	48.1 (24.0)	48.4 (25.2)	52.0 (25.0)	46.5 (22.9)	0.58
MHF (> 50)	61 (34.66)	21 (39.62)	12 (35.29)	28 (31.46)	0.61
MHF¹	43.5 (21.7)	43.3 (24.5)	44.2 (23.3)	43.4 (19.5)	0.99
PSWQ-R (> 28)	110 (62.50)	32 (60.38)	24 (70.59)	54 (60.67)	0.56
PSWQ-R¹	29.7 (8.3)	28.6 (8.7)	31.1 (9.0)	29.8 (7.7)	0.23

¹Results showed as mean (standard deviation). MCQ: Metacognitions questionnaire; CIA: Clinical impairment assessment; EAT: Eating attitudes test; HeRQoLED-s: Health-related quality of life in eating disorder-short form; SocM: Social maladjustment domain; MHF: Mental health and functionality domain; PSWQ: Penn state worry questionnaire; ED: Eating disorders; AN: Anorexia nervosa; BN: Bulimia nervosa; EDNOS: Eating disorder not otherwise specified.

Citation: Martín J, Anton-Ladislao A, Padierna Á, Berjano B, Quintana JM. Classification of subtypes of patients with eating disorders by correspondence analysis. World J Psychiatr 2021; 11(7): 375-387
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v11/i7/375.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v11.i7.375