Physical activity and mental well-being during COVID-19 pandemic

Table 1 Physical activity and mental health during COVID-19 pandemic

Refs	Measures	Findings and recommendations
Wright et al[32], 2021	Incidence of fear, physical activity, and mental well-being indicators questionnaires	Physical activity may improve mental well-being and protect against the undesirable impacts of COVID-19. Regular physical activities should be encouraged to improve mental well-being during COVID-19 pandemic.
Xiao et al[33], 2021	Lifestyle and home environment, physical and mental well-being, and occupational environment questionnaires	Significant reduction in physical and mental well-being including impaired physical activity, increased junk food intake, and absence of coworker communications
Faulkner et al[34], 2021	Short form of IPAQ, WHO-5 well-being index, and depression, anxiety and stress scale-9	Negative changes in physical activity before COVID-19 containment policies presented poor mental well-being, while positive physical activity behavior showed better mental well-being
Meyer et al[35], 2020	Self-reported physical activity, anxiety and depression status, social connection, loneliness, and stress	Adherence to physical activity contributions and restrictive screening time during unexpected societal alterations may alleviate the consequences of mental well-being
Carriedo et al[36], 2020	International Physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), 6-item self-report scale of depression symptoms, Connor-Davidson CD-RISC resilience scale, and positive and negative affect schedule	Regular moderate or vigorous physical activity provide positive resilience and reduce depression symptoms during COVID-19 quarantine
Maugeri et al[37], 2020	IPAQ and psychological general well-being index	Reduced physical activity have a greatly undesirable effects on psychological status and mental well-being. Adherence to a regular physical activity program is the main approach for improving physical and mental well-being during COVID-19 confinement.
López-Bueno et al[38], 2020	Short form of physical activity vital sign and single-item question for mood and anxiety	Adherence to regular physical activities associated with better mood and lower anxiety with WHO recommendations during COVID-19 quarantine
Duncan et al[39], 2020	Online survey on perceived changes in physical activity due to COVID-19 mitigation and mental well-being using 10-item perceived stress scale and 6-item anxiety subscale	COVID-19 mitigation policies may affect physical activity and mental well-being. Participants with reduced physical activity levels showed higher anxiety and stress levels.
Jacob et al[40], 2020	Self-reported physical activity questionnaire, Beck anxiety and depression inventories, and 7-item short Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale	During COVID-19 social distancing, participants adherent to vigorous and moderate physical activity showed better mental well-being

COVID-19: Corona virus disease 2019.