Effect of theta-transcranial alternating current stimulation on working memory performance among healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1  PRISMA flowchart of the study selection procedure.

Figure 2  Summary of risk-of-bias for each study and domain.

Figure 3 The overall meta-analysis effect size combines the results from all included studies. The corresponding forest plot illustrates the comparative effects, with values greater than 0 indicating a preference for transcranial alternating current stimulation and values less than 0 indicating a preference for sham stimulation. CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 4  Funnel plot for the transcranial alternating current stimulation effect on working memory.