Review
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World J Clin Infect Dis. Nov 25, 2013; 3(4): 47-57
Published online Nov 25, 2013. doi: 10.5495/wjcid.v3.i4.47
Microbial translocation, residual viremia and immune senescence in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
Alessandra Fantauzzi, Francesca Falasca, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Eugenio Nelson Cavallari, Ombretta Turriziani, Vincenzo Vullo, Ivano Mezzaroma
Alessandra Fantauzzi, Ivano Mezzaroma, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Francesca Falasca, Ombretta Turriziani, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, 00169 Rome, Italy
Gabriella d’Ettorre, Eugenio Nelson Cavallari, Vincenzo Vullo, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Author contributions: All of the authors contributed equally to this study.
Correspondence to: Ivano Mezzaroma, MD, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy. ivano.mezzaroma@uniroma1.it
Telephone: +39-06-4463328 Fax: +39-06-4440806
Received: July 19, 2013
Revised: November 2, 2013
Accepted: November 15, 2013
Published online: November 25, 2013
Core Tip

Core tip: The aim of this review was to summarize the most relevant mechanisms in human immunodeficiency virus-1 pathogenesis by focusing on the role of microbial translocation, residual viremia, and immune senescence or “inflammaging” in disease progression to full-blown AIDS. Moreover, the impact of antiretroviral therapy on these mechanisms was investigated.