Di Lullo L, Bellasi A, De Pascalis A. Hypertension, type IV cardiorenal syndrome and chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological and therapeutical approach. World J Hypertens 2017; 7(1): 10-18 [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v7.i1.10]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Dr. Luca Di Lullo, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Piazza A. Moro, 1, Colleferro, 00034 Rome, Italy. dilulloluca69@gmail.com
Research Domain of This Article
Urology & Nephrology
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Hypertens. Feb 23, 2017; 7(1): 10-18 Published online Feb 23, 2017. doi: 10.5494/wjh.v7.i1.10
Hypertension, type IV cardiorenal syndrome and chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological and therapeutical approach
Luca Di Lullo, Antonio Bellasi, Antonio De Pascalis
Luca Di Lullo, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Colleferro, 00034 Rome, Italy
Antonio Bellasi, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy
Antonio De Pascalis, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, V. Fazzi Hospital, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Author contributions: Di Lullo L contributed to type IV cardiorenal syndrome; Bellasi A and De Pascalis A contributed to hypertension in CKD.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Luca Di Lullo, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, L. Parodi-Delfino Hospital, Piazza A. Moro, 1, Colleferro, 00034 Rome, Italy. dilulloluca69@gmail.com
Telephone: +39-06-97223209 Fax: +39-06-97223213
Received: August 23, 2016 Peer-review started: August 25, 2016 First decision: September 27, 2016 Revised: November 6, 2016 Accepted: December 27, 2016 Article in press: December 28, 2016 Published online: February 23, 2017
Abstract
Hypertension represent one of the most important comorbid factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and its prevalence increases from 65% to 95% according to glomerular filtration rate decline. CKD patients need to maintain their blood pressure levels into 130/80 mmHg according to most recent guidelines. Despite of many therapeutic agents, achievement of ideal blood pressure levels remains so far from the ideal ones. Hypertensive disease represent most important risk factor to develop a type IV cardiorenal syndrome, while prevalence of end stage renal disease is still raising and it represents worldwide epidemiological challenge. Correct management of hypertensive disease can obtain better control on CKD progression.
