Observation
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World J Crit Care Med. Apr 4, 2012; 1(2): 46-49
Published online Apr 4, 2012. doi: 10.5492/wjccm.v1.i2.46
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients
Eisuke Kagawa
Eisuke Kagawa, Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima 7310293, Japan
Author contributions: Kagawa E solely contributed to this manuscript.
Correspondence to: Eisuke Kagawa, MD, Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, 2-1-1, Kabeminami, Asakita-ku, Hiroshima 7310293, Japan. ekagawa007@gmail.com
Telephone: +81-82-8155211 Fax: +81-82-8141791
Received: August 11, 2011
Revised: November 3, 2011
Accepted: March 10, 2012
Published online: April 4, 2012
Abstract

Cardiac arrest is a major cause of unexpected death in developed countries, and patients with cardiac arrest generally have a poor prognosis. Despite the use of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few patients could achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Even if ROSC was achieved, some patients showed re-arrest and many survivors were unable to fully resume their former lifestyles because of severe neurological deficits. Safar et al reported the effectiveness of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass in an animal model and discussed the possibility of employing cardiopulmonary bypass as a CPR method. Because of progress in medical engineering, the system of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) became small and portable, and it became easy to perform circulatory support in cardiac arrest or shock patients. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been reported to be superior to conventional CPR in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Veno- arterial ECMO is generally performed in emergency settings and it can be used to perform ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although there is no sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, encouraging results have been obtained in small case series.

Keywords: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Return of spontaneous circulation