Pediatric vs adult pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective computed tomography study

Table 1 Incidence of lung and nodal involvement, Parenchymal changes, Mediastinal lymph nodal involvement and Pleural and pericardial effusion in the patients n (%)

		Children (n = 10)	Adolescents (n = 38)	Adults (n = 104)
Incidence of lung and nodal involvement	Parenchymal	6 (60)	27 (71)	80 (76.9)
	Lesions
	Mediastinal	7 (70)	29 (76.3)	74 (71.2)
	nodes
Zonal distribution of parenchymal changes	Right upper	5 (50)	19 (50)	58 (55.77)
	Left upper	2 (20)	15 (39.47)	45 (43.27)
	Right middle	4 (40)	19 (50)	54 (51.92)
	Left middle	1 (10)	16 (42.11)	43 (41.35)
	Right lower	3 (30)	12 (31.58)	35 (33.65)
	Left lower	2 (20)	9 (23.68)	30 (28.85)
Pattern of parenchymal changes	Consolidation	3 (30)	16 (42.11)	35 (33.65)
	Centrilobular nodulesa	2 (20)	24 (63.16)	67 (64.42)
	Miliary nodules	1 (10)	0 (0.00)	3 (2.88)
	Bronchiectasis	1 (10)	8 (21.05)	17 (16.35)
	Fibrosis	1 (10)	7 (18.42)	14 (13.46)
	Cavitation	3 (30)	10 (26.32)	23 (22.33)
Lymph nodal distribution	Paratracheal	7 (70)	22 (57.59)	57 (54.81)
	Precarinal	6 (60)	9 (23.68)	27 (25.96)
	Subcarinal	7 (70)	17 (44.74)	40 (38.46)
	Hilar	5 (50)	13 (34.21)	27 (25.96)
	AP window	0 (0)	9 (23.68)	12 (11.54)
Characteristics of lymph nodes	Lymphadenopathy	7 (70)	21 (55.26)	50 (48.08)
	Necrosis	6 (60)	17 (44.74)	43 (41.35)
	Mattinga	5 (50)	11 (28.95)	16 (15.38)
	Calcification	4 (40)	10 (26.32)	25 (24.04)
Pleural and pericardial effusion in the patients	Pleural effusion	2 (20)	5 (13.16)	21 (20.19)
	Pleural loculation	1 (10)	2 (5.3)	10 (9.6)
	Pericardial effusion	0 (0)	1 (2.63)	7 (6.73 )

^aP < 0.05.

Table 2 Previous studies on imaging in pediatric chest tuberculosis

Ref.	Age (yr)	Mod	No	Cons	Nodu	Mil	Cavity	Bects	Node	Plefn
Leung et al[4]	< 16	X-ray	191	69%	NS	NS	NS	NS	92%	6%
Kim et al[21]	< 14	CT	41	49%	29%	17%	7%	NS	83%	17%
Khatami et al[22]	< 15	X ray	30	43.30%	NS	NS	NS	NS	90%	6.70%
Koh et al[10]	15-19	X-ray	90	25%	96%	NS	45%	0	2%	0
Mukund et al[24]	< 17	CT	91	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	96.70%	NS
Our study	< 18	CT	48	39.60%	54%	2%	27%	18.80%	75%	14.60%

Mod: Imaging modality used; No: Number of cases; Cons: Consolidation; Nodu: Centrilobular nodules; Mil: Miliary nodules; Bects: bronchiectasis; Node: Mediastinal adenopathy; Plefn: Pleural effusion; NS: Not specified.