Effect of oral food challenge on quality of life and family activities in children with IgE-mediated food allergies

Table 1 Characteristics of participants, n (%)

Characteristic	Total (%)	OFC (%)		P
		Positive (n = 158)	Negative (n = 51)
Sex
Boy	137 (65.55)	102 (64.56)	35 (68.63)	0.595
Girl	72 (34.45)	56 (35.44)	16 (31.37)
Reactions
Asthma	79 (37.80)	62 (39.24)	17 (33.33)	0.449
Rhinitis	126 (60.29)	90 (56.96)	36 (70.59)	0.084
Urticaria	12 (5.74)	8 (5.06)	4 (7.84)	0.458
Diarrhea	10 (4.78)	10 (6.33)	0 (0.00)	0.123
Conjunctivitis	7 (3.35)	6 (3.80)	1 (1.96)	1.000
Eczema	86 (41.15)	71 (44.94)	15 (29.41)	0.050
Atopic
Father	82 (39.23)	65 (41.14)	17 (33.33)	0.321
Mother	103 (49.28)	75 (47.47)	28 (54.90)	0.356
Sibling	52 (24.88)	37 (23.42)	15 (29.41)	0.389

OFC: Oral food challenge.

Table 2 Analysis of quality of life and family activities on pre/post-test oral food challenge performance

Measured	Total (n = 209)			Pretest OFC (n = 209)			Post-test OFC (n = 209)
	Pretest	Post-test	P	Positive (n = 158)	Negative (n = 51)	P	Positive (n = 158)	Negative (n = 51)	P
QoL
Total	69.13 ± 5.78	92.40 ± 4.22	< 0.0012	69.34 ± 5.99	68.50 ± 5.08	0.367	92.22 ± 4.07	92.94 ± 4.66	0.397
Physical	92.35 ± 7.69	95.24 ± 5.59	< 0.0012	92.25 ± 7.72	92.65 ± 7.68	0.734	95.19 ± 5.76	95.40 ± 5.09	0.976
Emotional	63.13 ± 10.34	91.27 ± 8.42	< 0.0012	62.75 ± 10.17	64.31 ± 10.91	0.726	91.08 ± 8.53	91.86 ± 8.12	0.501
Social	59.42 ± 11.84	91.20 ± 8.12	< 0.0012	60.13 ± 11.84	57.96 ± 11.72	0.105	90.41 ± 8.14	93.63 ± 7.62	0.0131
School	61.63 ± 12.44	91.89 ± 8.30	< 0.0012	62.22 ± 12.84	59.80 ± 11.00	0.212	92.22 ± 8.23	90.88 ± 8.53	0.303
FAIS
Total	5.36 ± 0.68	4.10 ± 0.38	< 0.0012	5.32 ± 0.67	5.49 ± 0.70	0.329	4.10 ± 0.37	4.10 ± 0.41	0.936
Meal preparation	6.22 ± 0.73	3.08 ± 0.98	< 0.0012	6.20 ± 0.74	6.30 ± 0.67	0.327	3.18 ± 0.95	2.81 ± 1.04	0.0311
Raised by family	5.93 ± 0.93	3.70 ± 0.81	< 0.0012	5.92 ± 0.96	5.98 ± 0.85	0.616	3.69 ± 0.82	3.71 ± 0.82	0.958
Supervised caretaker	4.75 ± 1.92	5.33 ± 0.62	0.0011	4.76 ± 1.89	4.16 ± 2.03	0.998	5.35 ± 0.63	5.28 ± 0.60	0.681
Family relationship	5.06 ± 1.51	5.04 ± 1.43	0.816	5.02 ± 1.52	5.18 ± 1.48	0.485	4.96 ± 1.43	5.27 ± 1.42	0.216
Stress and free time	4.85 ± 1.23	2.76 ± 1.07	< 0.0012	4.86 ± 1.22	4.84 ± 1.24	0.691	2.77 ± 1.08	2.73 ± 1.06	0.831
Structured activities/school	4.07 ± 1.59	4.08 ± 1.61	0.912	4.01 ± 1.55	4.25 ± 1.70	0.388	4.13 ± 1.62	3.92 ± 1.58	0.349
Child social	5.26 ± 1.68	6.16 ± 0.69	< 0.0012	5.22 ± 1.72	5.37 ± 1.53	0.759	6.17 ± 0.70	6.13 ± 0.68	0.656
Work and finance	5.32 ± 1.30	2.70 ± 1.11	< 0.0012	5.21 ± 1.38	5.67 ± 0.92	0.0441	2.58 ± 1.08	3.04 ± 1.14	0.0091

¹Significant < 0.05.

²Significant < 0.001.

FAIS: Food allergy impact scale; OFC: Oral food challenge; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 3 Analysis of the comparison of differences in value before and after oral food challenge of quality of life and family activities

Measured	Δ Pre/post-test OFC
	Total	Positive	Negative	P
QoL
Total	23.27 ± 6.75	22.88 ± 6.73	24.45 ± 6.73	0.151
Physical	2.89 ± 5.62	2.94 ± 5.80	2.75 ± 5.06	0.94
Emotional	28.13 ± 12.94	28.32 ± 12.69	27.55 ± 13.80	0.647
Social	31.77 ± 13.76	30.28 ± 13.87	36.37 ± 12.45	0.0061
School	30.26 ± 14.94	29.99 ± 15.33	31.08 ± 13.80	0.494
FAIS
Total	-1.25 ± 0.75	-1.22 ± 0.72	-1.38 ± 0.83	0.493
Meal preparation	-3.14 ± 1.26	-3.02 ± 1.24	-3.84 ± 1.25	0.0211
Raised by family	-2.23 ± 1.25	-2.22 ± 1.25	-2.27 ± 1.26	0.796
Supervised caretaker	-0.58 ± 2.01	-0.58 ± 1.99	-0.55 ± 2.08	0.907
Family relationship	-0.02 ± 2.25	-0.06 ± 2.31	0.10 ± 2.06	0.578
Stress and free time	-2.09 ± 1.54	-2.08 ± 1.55	-2.11 ± 1.50	0.989
Structured activities/school	0.01 ± 2.21	0.12 ± 2.19	-0.33 ± 2.24	0.209
Child social	0.90 ± 1.72	0.95 ± 1.73	0.76 ± 1.68	0.315
Work and finance	-2.63 ± 1.59	-2.63 ± 1.65	-2.63 ± 1.41	0.701

¹Significant < 0.05.

FAIS: Food allergy impact scale; OFC: Oral food challenge; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 4 Analysis of the association between differences in values before and after oral food challenge of quality of life and family activities in children with food allergy

Correlation	QoL
	Total	Physical	Emotional	Social	School
FAIS
Total	0.435	0.437	0.525	0.934	0.0421
Meal preparation	0.161	0.538	0.34	0.576	0.54
Raised by family	0.848	0.537	0.229	0.943	0.123
Supervised caretaker	0.0101	0.381	0.292	0.698	0.0051
Family relationship	0.313	0.226	0.757	0.067	0.426
Stress and free time	0.658	0.929	0.871	0.453	0.438
Structured activities/school	0.077	0.95	0.721	0.11	0.188
Child social	0.352	0.653	0.532	0.99	0.0461
Work and finance	0.356	0.983	0.963	0.641	0.411

¹Significant < 0.05.

FAIS: Food allergy impact scale; OFC: Oral food challenge; QoL: Quality of life.

Table 5 Analysis of the association between skin prick test and oral food challenge in the diagnosis of food allergy, n (%)

Food types	SPT (%)	OFC (%)	OR	P
Chicken meat	87 (41.63)	61 (29.19)	2.485	0.0031
Chocolate	85 (40.67)	76 (36.36)	2.585	0.0011
Cow’s milk	105 (50.24)	77 (36.84)	1.836	0.0361
Egg white	109 (52.15)	69 (33.01)	5.564	< 0.0012
Egg yolk	89 (42.58)	35 (16.75)	3.136	0.0021
Freshwater fish	149 (71.29)	33 (15.79)	0.656	0.289
Orange	72 (34.45)	46 (22.01)	3.307	< 0.0012
Peanuts	35 (16.75)	26 (12.44)	13.811	< 0.0012
Sea fish	98 (46.89)	58 (27.75)	1.08	0.803
Shrimp	80 (38.28)	73 (34.93)	1.562	0.131
Tomato	59 (28.23)	43 (20.57)	2.832	0.0031

¹Significant < 0.05.

²Significant < 0.001.

OFC: Oral food challenge; SPT: Skin prick test.