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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Anti-vaccine antibodies against measles, rubella, parotitis and hepatitis B in children with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls
Elizaveta Makarova, Olga Goleva, Tatiana Gabrusskaya, Natalia Ulanova, Natalia Volkova, Elena Shilova, Maria Tolkmit, Maria Revnova, Susanna Kharit, Mikhail Kostik
Elizaveta Makarova, Maria Revnova, Department of Polyclinic Pediatrics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
Olga Goleva, Department of Experimental Medical Virology, Molecular Genetics and Biobanking, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Tatiana Gabrusskaya, Department of Children's Diseases Named After Professor I. M. Vorontsov, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
Natalia Ulanova, Natalia Volkova, Elena Shilova, Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
Maria Tolkmit, Medical School, Pediatric Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
Susanna Kharit, Research Department of Vaccine Prevention and Post-Vaccination Pathology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
Susanna Kharit, Department of Infectious Diseases in Children, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia
Mikhail Kostik, Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia
Author contributions: Makarova E, Kharit S, and Kostik M contributed to conceptualization, writing review, and editing; Kostik M, Makarova E, and Goleva O contributed to design and methodology; Gabrusskaya T, Volkova N, Ulanova N, Shilova E contributed to software, resources, and data curation; Gabrusskaya T, Volkova N, Ulanova N, Shilova E contributed to validation; Makarova E and Kostik M contributed to formal analysis and interpretation; Makarova E, Goleva O, Tolkmit M contributed to investigation; Makarova E, and Kostik M contributed to literature search and writing original draft, Revnova M, Kharit S and Kostik M contributed to funding, supervision, and project administration; Makarova E, Revnova M, Kharit S and Kostik M contributed to the critical review of the manuscript; and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University (protocol #09/02 from Feb 11 2022).
Clinical trial registration statement: The study was registered at the Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University Research Department on May 19, 2021. No URL provided.
Informed consent statement: Written consent from the parents and patients older than 14 years has been obtained according to the declaration of Helsinki.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 statement.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Mikhail Kostik, MD, PhD, Professor, Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Lytovskaya 2, Saint-Petersburg 194100, Russia.
kost-mikhail@yandex.ru
Received: December 31, 2024
Revised: March 9, 2025
Accepted: March 13, 2025
Published online: September 9, 2025
Processing time: 168 Days and 15.6 Hours
BACKGROUND
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) often miss the scheduled vaccines and have a higher risk of infection susceptibility, including vaccine-prevented diseases.
AIM
To evaluate the vaccine coverage and levels of the post-vaccine antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, and hepatitis B in children with IBD.
METHODS
Total 98 patients: 46 females (47.2%) and 52 males (52.8%) with IBD (Crohn’s disease-75% and ulcerative colitis-25%) with disease onset age-11.0 (6.0; 14.0) years whom clinical data, vaccination status and levels of the post-vaccination antibodies (IgG) for measles, rubella, mumps, hepatitis B, measured with ELISA were prospectively evaluated. The control group consisted of 88 healthy peers from the biobank data.
RESULTS
Patients with IBD had lower levels of measles, rubella, and hepatitis B, except mumps, compared to controls. Incomplete vaccination/non-protective titer of the antibodies against measles, mumps rubella, and hepatitis B had 33 (33.7%)/52.3%, 21 (21.4%)/50.4%, 26 (25.8)/25.6% and 26 (25.8%)/55.2%, respectively. Patients with incomplete vaccination had a lower age at the diagnosis for all vaccines. The age of the IBD diagnosis ≤ 6 years was the predictor of incomplete vaccination for measles [odds ratio (OR) = 4.6, P = 0.001], mumps (OR = 5.0, P = 0.001), rubella (OR = 5.4, P = 0.0005) and hepatitis B (OR = 5.4, P = 0.0005) and corticosteroid treatment for measles (OR = 2.2, P = 0.074) and mumps (OR = 3.0, P = 0.047) vaccines. Incomplete vaccination was the predictor of non-protective titer of antibodies against rubella (OR = 6.8, 95%CI: 2.3-19.9, P = 0.0002)/mumps (OR = 7.0, 95%CI: 2.4-20.8; P = 0.0002).
CONCLUSION
Patients with IBD had low vaccine coverage and lower levels of anti-vaccine antibodies against measles, rubella, and hepatitis B. Nearly half of the IBD patients require revaccination.
Core Tip: Improving vaccination, engaging the trust of parents and physicians in vaccination, and its safety and efficacy in children with immune-mediated diseases could decrease the infection risks. This study showed the vaccine coverage, the predictors of incomplete vaccination, and non-protective levels of post-vaccine antibodies. The younger onset of the disease onset disrupts the following scheduled vaccination. Avoiding corticosteroid treatment, regular assessment of anti-vaccine antibodies, and encouragement of vaccination are the main goals for managing patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
