Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Clin Pediatr. Jul 9, 2022; 11(4): 360-368
Published online Jul 9, 2022. doi: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i4.360
Adipocytokine profile in children with Kawasaki disease at a mean follow-up period of 5.5 years: A study from North India
Dibya Lochan Praharaj, Amit Rawat, Anju Gupta, Kanika Arora, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Sagar Bhattad, Surjit Singh
Dibya Lochan Praharaj, Amit Rawat, Anju Gupta, Kanika Arora, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Sagar Bhattad, Surjit Singh, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Author contributions: Praharaj DL, Rawat A, Gupta A and Singh S conceived and designed the research; Praharaj DL, Rawat A, Arora K, and Pilania RK collected data and performed the research; Praharaj DL, Arora K, Pilania RK, and Bhattad S were involved in writing the first draft; Praharaj DL, Rawat A and Arora K performed laboratory tests; Praharaj DL, Rawat A, Arora K, and Pilania RK analyzed the data; Gupta A, Pilania RK, Bhattad S and Singh S were involved in patient management; Praharaj DL, Rawat A, Gupta A, Arora K, Pilania RK, Bhattad S, Singh S reviewed the literature; Rawat A, Pilania RK, and Singh S edited the manuscript, performed critical revision at all stages and final approval of the manuscript; all the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study protocol was approved by the Institute Thesis Committee and Institute Ethics Committee. The manuscript has been approved by the Departmental Review Board.
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents/guardians at study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no “conflicts of interest".
Data sharing statement: The data on the findings of this paper are all included in the tables.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Amit Rawat, MD, Professor, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India. rawatamit@yahoo.com
Received: March 31, 2021
Peer-review started: March 31, 2021
First decision: July 30, 2021
Revised: August 21, 2021
Accepted: May 12, 2022
Article in press: May 12, 2022
Published online: July 9, 2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limited vasculitis with a predilection for coronary arteries. Children with KD may have altered lipid metabolism and abnormal lipid profiles that may last for prolonged periods. However, there is a paucity of literature on the role of adipocytokines in KD.

AIM

To estimate the levels of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) during the convalescent phase of KD.

METHODS

Twenty children, who had KD at least three years earlier, were enrolled in this study. In addition, 20 healthy controls were also enrolled. Clinical and laboratory profiles of patients were obtained from hospital records. Serum adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

Mean age of the patients in the study group was 10.15 ± 3 years and the male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Median serum resistin levels in patients with KD (27.77 ng/mL; [IQR: 18.66, 48.90]) were decreased compared to controls (21.20 ng/mL; [IQR: 14.80, 27.00]) (P = 0.04). Median serum leptin levels in cases and controls were 1.83 ng/mL; (IQR: 1.13, 3.80), and 1.10 ng/mL; (IQR: 0.41, 2.88), respectively (P = 0.09). Median serum adiponectin levels were similar in both cases (12.20 µg/mL; [IQR: 9.76, 17.97]) and controls (13.95 µg/mL; [IQR: 11.17, 22.58]); (P = 0.18). There was no significant difference in all 3 adipocytokines between children with (4/20) and without coronary artery abnormalities (16/20).

CONCLUSION

Serum resistin levels were significantly elevated in patients with KD during the convalescent phase compared to controls. Serum leptin levels appeared to be higher in patients with KD, although the difference was not statistically significant. Adiponectin levels were similar in both cases and controls. Raised resistin and leptin levels may partially explain lipid perturbations observed during the convalescent phase of KD.

Keywords: Adipocytokines, Adiponectin, Resistin, Leptin, Lipid metabolism, Kawasaki disease, Convalescent phase

Core Tip: The present study suggests that serum adipocytokine levels may impact lipid abnormalities observed during the convalescent phase of Kawasaki disease (KD). Serum resistin levels were significantly elevated in patients with KD during the convalescent phase compared to controls. Serum leptin levels appeared to be higher in patients with KD, although the difference was not statistically significant. Adiponectin levels were similar in both cases and controls.