|
1
|
Bao K, Zheng K, Zhou X, Chen B, He Z, Zhu D. The effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise-related physical ability and sports performance in nicotine addicts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2302383. [PMID: 38213003 PMCID: PMC10791090 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2302383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established that nicotine withdrawal can ameliorate cardiovascular and pulmonary function in smokers. Nevertheless, the impact on physical fitness and athletic performance remains under-investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluating the impacts of nicotine withdrawal on both exercise performance and exercise-associated physical capabilities in nicotine-dependent individuals. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES The data was compiled from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and EBSCO. STUDY SELECTION The selection criteria required studies to elucidate the effects of nicotine withdrawal on exercise performance or exercise-related physical abilities. Moreover, the selected studies needed to provide discernible experimental results. DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS The random effects model was employed in data analysis, utilizing the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate participants' exercise performance and physical abilities, referencing the Mean ±SD during baseline and withdrawal states. RESULTS Out of the selected studies, 10 trials were included, encompassing 13,538 participants aged 18 to 65 years. The findings suggest that nicotine withdrawal could potentially enhance sports performance (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.88; I^2 = 83%), particularly in terms of aerobic capacity. Short-term nicotine withdrawal (spanning 12 to 24 hours) might lead to a decline in participants' physical abilities in certain aspects like reaction time and sustained attention (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI: -1.91 to 0.25; I^2 = 79%), whereas long-term withdrawal (lasting 48 hours or more) demonstrated an opposing trend (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.39; I^2 = 81%). Overall, the results show that long-term nicotine withdrawal exhibited some positive impacts on sports performance and exercise-related physical ability, with the withdrawal duration being an indicator of subsequent physical performance. CONCLUSIONS Mid- to long-term (≥3 months) nicotine withdrawal significantly improved the exercisers' exercise-related physical ability and sports performance. Conversely, short-term (≤24 hours) nicotine withdrawal considerably hampered exercisers' performance and physical cognition. It is suggested that exercises avoid abrupt nicotine cessation prior to competitions, as long-term nicotine withdrawal has been shown to significantly enhance exercise-related physiological capacities and athletic performance. By referring to existing literatures we also found that athletes with existing nicotine addiction may could consume nicotine 15-30 minutes before competition to enhance athletic performance and physical function.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023411381.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhe Bao
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Xianxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Baichao Chen
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Zerui He
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Danyang Zhu
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Education, Jinhua, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Furer ML, Huang S, Smyth JM, Wilson SJ. Ecological momentary assessment of delay discounting, reward valuation, and craving in very light cigarette users. J Exp Anal Behav 2024; 122:335-350. [PMID: 39449286 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Heightened delay discounting has been linked to adverse smoking cessation outcomes, including among light cigarette users. Few studies have evaluated delay discounting's proposed mechanism, preference reversal (concurrent increases in valuation of/craving for desired objects), and none have done so in naturalistic settings. We examined how person-level delay discounting moderated the within-person association between cigarette valuation and craving among very light daily cigarette users who were financially incentivized to abstain. Forty participants completed a baseline delay-discounting task and intermittent ratings of cigarette valuation and craving during the incentivized abstinence attempt. Subjects earned monetary rewards for abstinence on a descending schedule (e.g., $20 on Days 1 and 2 and $2.50 on Days 9 and 10). Consistent with preference reversals, there was a positive association between cigarette valuation and craving. This relation was moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates) and by monetary reinforcement amount (stronger on days with low reinforcement). Additionally, subjects were more likely to report stronger cravings on days with high monetary reinforcement, with this effect moderated by delay discounting (stronger among those with low discounting rates). The results suggest that heightened delay discounting may not confer risk for preference reversal among very light daily cigarette users who are attempting abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda L Furer
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Altoona, PA, USA
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Schiek H, Esch T, Michaelsen MM, Hoetger C. Combining app-based behavioral therapy with electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a study protocol for a single-arm mixed-methods pilot trial. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2024; 19:52. [PMID: 38987840 PMCID: PMC11234631 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-024-00483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of preventable illness and death, underscoring the need for effective evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. Nuumi, a novel smoking cessation program integrating a digital behavioral therapy and an electronic cigarette, may provide a solution. OBJECTIVE To investigate the initial efficacy, acceptability and psychological outcomes of an evidence-based smoking cessation intervention comprised of a mobile phone app and an electronic cigarette among adults who smoke and who are motivated to quit. METHODS A prospective 6-month single-arm mixed-methods pilot study will be conducted. Seventy adults who smoke and who are motivated to quit will be recruited via web-based advertisements and flyers. Participants receive access to an app and an electronic cigarette with pods containing nicotine for temporary use of at least 3 months. The electronic cigarette is coupled with the app via Bluetooth, allowing for tracking of patterns of use. The behavioral therapy leverages evidence-based content informed by cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-informed principles. Web-based self-report surveys will be conducted at baseline, at 4 weeks, at 8 weeks, at 12 weeks, and at 24 weeks post-baseline. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted at baseline and at 12 weeks post-baseline. Primary outcomes will be self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include other smoking cessation-related outcomes, psychological outcomes, and acceptability of the nuumi intervention. Descriptive analyses and within-group comparisons will be performed on the quantitative data, and content analyses will be performed on the qualitative data. Recruitment for this study started in October 2023. DISCUSSION As tobacco smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, this research addresses one of the largest health burdens of our time. The results will provide insights into the initial efficacy, acceptability, and psychological outcomes of a novel mobile health intervention for smoking cessation. If successful, this pilot may generate an effective intervention supporting adults who smoke to quit smoking. The results will inform feasibility of a future randomized controlled trial. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032652, registered 09/15/2023, https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00032652 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schiek
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion (IGVF), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion (IGVF), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Maren M Michaelsen
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion (IGVF), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Cosima Hoetger
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion (IGVF), Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Chao T, Todman M, Foltin RW, Evans SM, Bedi G. Laboratory method to induce state boredom increases impulsive choice in people who use cocaine and controls. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:42-53. [PMID: 37921613 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2248544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Impulsive choice is associated with both cocaine use and relapse. Little is known about the influence of transient states on impulsive choice in people who use cocaine (PWUC).Objective: This study investigated the direct effects of induced boredom on impulsive choice (i.e., temporal discounting) in PWUC relative to well-matched community controls.Methods: Forty-one PWUC (≥1× cocaine use in past 3 months; 7 females) and 38 demographically matched controls (5 females) underwent two experimental conditions in counterbalanced order. Temporal discounting was assessed immediately after a standardized boredom induction task (peg-turning) and a self-selected video watched for the same duration (non-boredom). Subjective mood state and perceived task characteristics were assessed at baseline, during experimental manipulations, and after the choice task.Results: PWUC and controls were well matched on sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Groups were also similar in reported use of drugs other than cocaine, except for recent cigarette and alcohol use (PWUC > controls). As expected, peg-turning increased boredom in the sample overall, with higher boredom reported during peg-turning than the video (p < .001, η2p = .20). Participants overall exhibited greater impulsive choice after boredom than non-boredom (p = .028, η2p = .07), with no preferential effects in PWUC (p > .05, BF01 = 2.9).Conclusion: Experimentally induced boredom increased state impulsivity irrespective of cocaine use status - in PWUC and carefully matched controls - suggesting a broad link between boredom and impulsive choice. This is the first study to show that transient boredom directly increases impulsive choice. Data support a viable laboratory method to further parse the effects of boredom on impulsive choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chao
- Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - McWelling Todman
- Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard W Foltin
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzette M Evans
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillinder Bedi
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne and Substance Use Research Group, Melbourne, Orygen, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Fernandez DP, Kuss DJ, Justice LV, Fernandez EF, Griffiths MD. Effects of a 7-Day Pornography Abstinence Period on Withdrawal-Related Symptoms in Regular Pornography Users: A Randomized Controlled Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1819-1840. [PMID: 36652136 PMCID: PMC9847461 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about whether withdrawal-like symptoms manifest when regular pornography users attempt to abstain from pornography. The present study used a randomized controlled design to examine whether (1) negative abstinence effects that may be potentially reflective of withdrawal-related symptoms manifest when a non-clinical sample of regular pornography users attempt to abstain from pornography for a 7-day period and (2) these negative abstinence effects would only manifest (or manifest more strongly) for those with higher levels of problematic pornography use (PPU). A total of 176 undergraduate students (64.2% female) who were regular pornography users (defined as having used pornography ≥ three times a week in the past 4 weeks) were randomly assigned to an abstinence group (instructed to attempt abstinence from pornography for 7 days, n = 86) or a control group (free to watch pornography as usual, n = 90). Participants completed measures of craving, positive and negative affect, and withdrawal symptoms at baseline and each night of the 7-day period. Contrary to the confirmatory hypotheses, there were no significant main effects of group (abstinence vs. control) or group × PPU interaction effects on any of the outcome measures, controlling for baseline scores. These findings indicate that no evidence of withdrawal-related symptoms was found for abstaining participants, and this was not dependent on level of PPU. However, exploratory analyses showed a significant three-way interaction (group × PPU × past 4-week frequency of pornography use [FPU]) on craving, where an abstinence effect on craving was found at high levels of PPU only once past 4-week FPU reached the threshold of daily use. While these exploratory findings should be interpreted with caution, they suggest that abstinence effects could potentially manifest when there is a combination of high PPU and high FPU-a hypothesis that warrants investigation in future prospective abstinence studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David P Fernandez
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
| | - Daria J Kuss
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Lucy V Justice
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| | | | - Mark D Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Omega-3 fatty acids prevent nicotine withdrawal-induced exacerbation of anxiety and depression by affecting oxidative stress balance, inflammatory response, BDNF and serotonin metabolism in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175634. [PMID: 36868293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are known to be more vulnerable than adults to the adverse effects of nicotine dependence. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether adolescent nicotine exposure, followed by a period of abstinence, could affect the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rats. For this purpose, behavioral assessments were carried out using open field test, elevated plus maze and forced swimming test in male rats received chronic nicotine intake during adolescence followed by a period of abstinence in adulthood, compared to their control counterparts. In addition, O3 pre-treatment was done at three different doses to reveal whether it could prevent nicotine withdrawal effects. Then, animals were euthanized and the cortical concentrations of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, serotonin and the enzymatic activity of monoamine oxidase-A were measured. Results indicated that nicotine withdrawal exacerbates the behavioral signs of anxiety through alteration of the brain oxidative stress balance, inflammatory response and serotonin metabolism. Moreover, we found that omega 3 pre-treatment significantly prevents the nicotine withdrawal-induced complications by restoration of changes in the mentioned biochemical indices. Moreover, the improving effects of O3 fatty acids were found to be dose-dependent in all experiments. Taken together, we would like to suggest the O3 fatty acids supplementation as a safe, inexpensive and effective strategy for prevention or amelioration of detrimental effects induced by nicotine withdrawal at cellular and behavioral levels.
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Zyoud SH, Al-Jabi SW, Shahwan MJ, Jairoun AA. Global research production in neonatal abstinence syndrome: A bibliometric analysis. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:307-320. [PMID: 35663005 PMCID: PMC9134155 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i3.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) emerged as a significant global concern with a dramatic increase in healthcare expenditures. The incidence of the NAS has increased notably in the past decade and emergence as a global public health problem. AIM To evaluate the development and trend of global NAS research from 1958 to 2019 by bibliometric analysis. METHODS Analyzed aspects included publication output per year, language, document types, journals, countries/territories, h-index, authors, and top research priorities. The VOSviewer was used to determine the top research priorities, and trends, and to present bibliometric networks concerning various dimensions, such as co-authorship, authors, and countries. RESULTS A total of 1738 articles were retrieved in the Scopus database from 1958 to 2019. It was found that the great majority of the total NAS documents (n = 1295) were original articles followed by reviews (n = 268) and letters (n = 48). The most productive countries in the NAS field were the United States (n = 833), Canada (n = 112), the United Kingdom (n = 111), and Germany (n = 77). Treatment and hospital outcomes in NAS, evidence-based nurse-driven interventions for the care of newborns with NAS, and a systematic reviews and network meta-analysis for therapeutic approaches of NAS were found in recent years (after 2010), compared with terms such as pathophysiology, mechanisms of NAS, and signs and symptoms in the early years. CONCLUSION Treatment and pediatric outcomes and the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment may be frontiers in the NAS field, and continued efforts from researchers are needed in those topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
- Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Samah W Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Moyad Jamal Shahwan
- Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 2758, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio‑allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 2758, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Zyoud SH, Al-Jabi SW, Shahwan MJ, Jairoun AA. Global research production in neonatal abstinence syndrome: A bibliometric analysis. World J Clin Pediatr 2022; 11:308-321. [DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v11.i3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) emerged as a significant global concern with a dramatic increase in healthcare expenditures. The incidence of the NAS has increased notably in the past decade and emergence as a global public health problem.
AIM To evaluate the development and trend of global NAS research from 1958 to 2019 by bibliometric analysis.
METHODS Analyzed aspects included publication output per year, language, document types, journals, countries/territories, h-index, authors, and top research priorities. The VOSviewer was used to determine the top research priorities, and trends, and to present bibliometric networks concerning various dimensions, such as co-authorship, authors, and countries.
RESULTS A total of 1738 articles were retrieved in the Scopus database from 1958 to 2019. It was found that the great majority of the total NAS documents (n = 1295) were original articles followed by reviews (n = 268) and letters (n = 48). The most productive countries in the NAS field were the United States (n = 833), Canada (n = 112), the United Kingdom (n = 111), and Germany (n = 77). Treatment and hospital outcomes in NAS, evidence-based nurse-driven interventions for the care of newborns with NAS, and a systematic reviews and network meta-analysis for therapeutic approaches of NAS were found in recent years (after 2010), compared with terms such as pathophysiology, mechanisms of NAS, and signs and symptoms in the early years.
CONCLUSION Treatment and pediatric outcomes and the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment may be frontiers in the NAS field, and continued efforts from researchers are needed in those topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine,Poison Control and Drug Information Center, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine,Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Samah W Al-Jabi
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, Palestine
| | - Moyad Jamal Shahwan
- Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 2758, United Arab Emirates,Centre of Medical and Bio‑allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 2758, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORAs) as an Adjunct Treatment for Smoking Cessation. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:411-417. [PMID: 35451800 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is recognized as the most avoidable cause for multiplicity of chronic diseases. However, smoking cessation rates remain low, in part due to the limited target engagement of the currently approved medications for smoking cessation. Sleep is a promising focus for increasing smoking cessation rates because smokers' sleep problems are exacerbated during the first week of smoking abstinence and are associated with poor smoking cessation outcomes. Furthermore, the currently approved smoking cessation pharmacological agents varenicline and nicotine replacement treatment exacerbate sleep problems beyond what would be observed as a consequence of natural nicotine withdrawal. Addressing sleep problems with dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) is positioned to remedy the shortcoming of overlooking sleep as a viable smoking cessation intervention target. Based on previous animal literature, DORA agents suvorexant and lemborexant may accomplish this by diminishing withdrawal difficulty and reducing nicotine cravings. The pharmacologic focus is the orexin system, not only because orexin peptides mediate the sleep-wake cycle, but also because DORA agents have a milder adverse event profile over previous treatments for insomnia. A novel adjunct DORA treatment to a currently approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapy holds a potential to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by smoking.
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Wu R, Liu J, Li JX. Trace amine-associated receptor 1 and drug abuse. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 93:373-401. [PMID: 35341572 PMCID: PMC9826737 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is the best characterized receptor selectively activated by trace amines. It is broadly expressed in the monoaminergic system in the brain including ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal raphe (DR) and substantial nigra (SN). Extensive studies have suggested that TAAR1 plays an important role in the modulation of monoaminergic system, especially dopamine (DA) transmission which may underlie the mechanisms by which TAAR1 interventions affect drug abuse-like behaviors. TAAR1 activation inhibits the rewarding and reinforcing effects of drugs from different classes including psychostimulants, opioid and alcohol as well as drug-induced increase in DA accumulation. The mechanisms of TAAR1's function in mediating drug abuse-like behaviors are not clear. However, it is hypothesized that TAAR1 interaction with DA transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2 receptor (D2) and the subsequent modulation of cellular cascades may contribute to the effects of TAAR1 in regulating drug abuse. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of TAAR1 in other drugs of abuse-related behaviors and its safety and efficacy for prolonged medications. Together, TAAR1 inhibits drug-induced DA transmission and drug abuse-related behaviors. Therefore, TAAR1 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wu
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Corresponding authors: Dr. Jun-Xu Li, , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. Tel: +1 716 829 2482; Fax: +1 716 829 2801
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Wu R, Liu J, Johnson B, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Li JX. Activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 attenuates nicotine withdrawal-related effects. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13075. [PMID: 34170054 PMCID: PMC8709869 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is a leading avoidable brain disorder globally. Although nicotine induces a modest reinforcing effect, which is important for the initial drug use, the transition from nicotine use to nicotine addiction involves the mechanisms responsible for the negative consequences of drug abstinence. Recent study suggested that trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a promising pharmacological target for the modulation of positive reinforcing effects of nicotine. However, whether TAAR1 plays a part in the negative reinforcement of nicotine withdrawal remains to be determined. Here, using a long-access (LA) self-administration model, we investigated whether LA rats show increased nicotine intake and withdrawal symptoms in comparison with saline and ShA rats and then tested the effect of TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 on nicotine withdrawal effects. We found that rats from long-access group showed significant abstinence-induced anxiety-like behaviour, mechanic hypersensitivity, increased number of precipitated withdrawal signs and higher motivation for the drug, while rats from short-access did not differ from saline group. TAAR1 partial agonist RO5263397 significantly reduced the physical and motivational withdrawal effects of nicotine in LA rats, as reflected by increased time spent on the open arm in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, normalized paw withdrawal threshold, decreased withdrawal signs and motivation to self-administer nicotine. This study indicates that activation of TAAR1 attenuates the negative-reinforcing effects of nicotine withdrawal and further suggests TAAR1 as a promising target to treat nicotine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Bernard Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Ward HB, Beermann A, Nawaz U, Halko MA, Janes AC, Moran LV, Brady RO. Evidence for Schizophrenia-Specific Pathophysiology of Nicotine Dependence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:804055. [PMID: 35153877 PMCID: PMC8829345 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.804055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the top preventable cause of early mortality in schizophrenia. Over 60% of people with schizophrenia smoke, three times the general prevalence. The biological basis of this increased risk is not understood, and existing interventions do not target schizophrenia-specific pathology. We therefore used a connectome-wide analysis to identify schizophrenia-specific circuits of nicotine addiction. We reanalyzed data from two studies: In Cohort 1, 35 smokers (18 schizophrenia, 17 control) underwent resting-state fMRI and clinical characterization. A multivariate pattern analysis of whole-connectome data was used to identify the strongest links between cigarette use and functional connectivity. In Cohort 2, 12 schizophrenia participants and 12 controls were enrolled in a randomized, controlled crossover study of nicotine patch with resting-state fMRI. We correlated change in network functional connectivity with nicotine dose. In Cohort 1, the strongest (p < 0.001) correlate between connectivity and cigarette use was driven by individual variation in default mode network (DMN) topography. In individuals with greater daily cigarette consumption, we observed a pathological expansion of the DMN territory into the identified parieto-occipital region, while in individuals with lower daily cigarette consumption, this region was external to the DMN. This effect was entirely driven by schizophrenia participants. Given the relationship between DMN topography and nicotine use we observed in Cohort 1, we sought to directly test the impact of nicotine on this network using an independent second cohort. In Cohort 2, nicotine reduced DMN connectivity in a dose-dependent manner (R = -0.50; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.12, p < 0.05). In the placebo condition, schizophrenia subjects had hyperconnectivity compared to controls (p < 0.05). Nicotine administration normalized DMN hyperconnectivity in schizophrenia. We here provide direct evidence that the biological basis of nicotine dependence is different in schizophrenia and in non-schizophrenia populations. Our results suggest the high prevalence of nicotine use in schizophrenia may be an attempt to correct a network deficit known to interfere with cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Burrell Ward
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Beermann
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Uzma Nawaz
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark A Halko
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Amy C Janes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Lauren V Moran
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Wilson R, Bruijnzeel AW. Rewarding Effects of Nicotine Self-administration Increase Over Time in Male and Female Rats. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:2117-2126. [PMID: 33987656 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking and the use of other nicotine-containing products is rewarding in humans. The self-administration of nicotine is also rewarding in male rats. However, it is unknown if there are sex differences in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration and if the rewarding effects of nicotine change over time. METHODS Rats were prepared with catheters and intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) electrodes to investigate the effects of nicotine and saline self-administration on reward function. A decrease in thresholds in the ICSS procedure reflects an enhancement of reward function. The ICSS parameters were determined before and after the self-administration sessions from days 1 to 10, and after the self-administration sessions from days 11 to 15. RESULTS During the first 10 days, there was no sex difference in nicotine intake, but during the last 5 days, the females took more nicotine than the males. During the first 10 days, nicotine self-administration did not lower the brain reward thresholds but decreased the response latencies. During the last 5 days, nicotine lowered the reward thresholds and decreased the response latencies. An analysis with the 5-day averages (days 1-5, 6-10, and 11-15) showed that the reward enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine increased over time. There were no sex differences in the reward-enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine. The nicotinic receptor antagonist mecamylamine diminished the reward-enhancing and stimulatory effects of nicotine. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the rewarding effects of nicotine self-administration increase over time, and there are no sex differences in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration in rats. IMPLICATIONS This study investigated the rewarding effect of nicotine and saline self-administration in male and female rats. The self-administration of nicotine, but not saline, enhanced brain reward function and had stimulatory effects. The rewarding effects of nicotine increased over time in the males and the females. Despite that the females had a higher level of nicotine intake than the males, the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine self-administration were the same. These findings suggest that in new tobacco and e-cigarette users, nicotine's rewarding effects might increase quickly, and a higher level of nicotine use in females might not translate into greater rewarding effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Keijsers M, Vega-Corredor MC, Tomintz M, Hoermann S. Virtual Reality Technology Use in Cigarette Craving and Smoking Interventions (I "Virtually" Quit): Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24307. [PMID: 34533471 PMCID: PMC8486991 DOI: 10.2196/24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last 2 decades, virtual reality technologies (VRTs) have been proposed as a way to enhance and improve smoking cessation therapy. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on the application of VRT in various smoking cessation therapies, as well as to explore potential directions for future research and intervention development. METHODS A literature review of smoking interventions using VRT was conducted. RESULTS Not all intervention studies included an alternative therapy or a placebo condition against which the effectiveness of the intervention could be benchmarked, or a follow-up measure to ensure that the effects were lasting. Virtual reality (VR) cue exposure therapy was the most extensively studied intervention, but its effect on long-term smoking behavior was inconsistent. Behavioral therapies such as a VR approach-avoidance task or gamified interventions were less common but reported positive results. Notably, only 1 study combined Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices with VRT. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of a behavioral component, as is done in the VR approach-avoidance task and gamified interventions, may be an interesting avenue for future research on smoking interventions. As Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices are still the subject of much controversy, their potential to support smoking cessation remains unclear. For future research, behavioral or multicomponent interventions are promising avenues of exploration. Future studies should improve their validity by comparing their intervention group with at least 1 alternative or placebo control group, as well as incorporating follow-up measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merel Keijsers
- School of Product Design, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- HIT Lab NZ, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- John Cabot University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melanie Tomintz
- Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Hoermann
- School of Product Design, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- HIT Lab NZ, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide. Smoking cessation is thus integral to the treatment of COPD. Nicotine addiction is a disease dependent on the complex interactions of neurotransmitter pathways, conditioned behaviors, environmental cues, genetic predisposition, and personal life circumstances, which render some more susceptible to tobacco abuse than others. The most successful smoking cessation programs are individualized, comprehensive, and utilize combinations of clinician counseling, behavioral reinforcement, community resources, advanced technology support (eg, smartphone apps, and Internet Web sites), and pharmacotherapy (both nicotine-based and nonnicotine medications). E-cigarettes were introduced to the US market in 2006 and touted as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarette smoking. Unfortunately, over the last 5 to 10 years, recreational e-cigarette use, or "vaping," has increased in popularity, especially among adolescents. This has introduced nicotine addiction to an entire generation of nonsmokers and resulted in numerous cases of acute lung disease, now known as e-cigarette or vape product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). In light of these adverse events, e-cigarettes and vape products are not currently recommended as a smoking cessation aid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briana DiSilvio
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Carrozzino D, Sparle Christensen K, Mansueto G, Cosci F. Construct validity of the Smoker Complaint Scale: A clinimetric analysis using Item Response Theory (IRT) models. Addict Behav 2021; 117:106849. [PMID: 33610959 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of rating scales evaluating symptoms of nicotine withdrawal have been developed over the years but insufficient attention has been devoted to the assessment of their clinimetric properties. Clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements, is an innovative approach, particularly useful for assessing the validity of rating scales. This is the first study using clinimetric principles to test the construct validity of the Smoker Complaint Scale (SCS), a self-rating scale specifically developed to assess acute symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Construct validity was evaluated via Item Response Theory (IRT) models (i.e., combining Rasch and Mokken analyses). A total of 366 subjects (mean age = 34.0, SD = 11.3 years) participated in the study. IRT analyses showed that SCS was a multidimensional measure of symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, including unidimensional subscales, particularly a four-item subscale (the SCS4), which was found to entail the clinimetric property of construct validity. IRT analyses also revealed that affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal preceded cognitive ones. The SCS should be considered as an item bank, including a particularly valid subscale, the SCS4 that can be used as a screening or outcome measure to evaluate the severity of cognitive and affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. SCS4 is a sensitive clinimetric index which differentiates "ceiling symptoms" of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., "feeling slowed down") from "floor symptoms" of nicotine withdrawal (e.g., "feeling lightheaded") that emerge in the severe form of nicotine withdrawal.
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Goldberg LR, Kutlu MG, Zeid D, Seemiller LR, Gould TJ. Systems genetic analysis of nicotine withdrawal deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12734. [PMID: 33797169 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits, such as disrupted learning, are a major symptom of nicotine withdrawal. These deficits are heritable, yet their genetic basis is largely unknown. Our lab has developed a mouse model of nicotine withdrawal deficits in learning, using chronic nicotine exposure via osmotic minipumps and fear conditioning. Here, we utilized the BXD genetic reference panel to identify genetic variants underlying nicotine withdrawal deficits in learning. Male and female mice (n = 6-11 per sex per strain, 31 strains) received either chronic saline or nicotine (6.3 mg/kg per day for 12 days), and were then tested for hippocampus-dependent learning deficits using contextual fear conditioning. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses using GeneNetwork identified a significant QTL on Chromosome 4 (82.13 Mb, LRS = 20.03, p < 0.05). Publicly available hippocampal gene expression data were used to identify eight positional candidates (Snacpc3, Mysm1, Rps6, Plaa, Lurap1l, Slc24a2, Hacd4, Ptprd) that overlapped with our behavioral QTL and correlated with our behavioral data. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetic factors impact cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal in the BXD recombinant inbred panel and identifies candidate genes for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Goldberg
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Munir Gunes Kutlu
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dana Zeid
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Platzer M, Fellendorf FT, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Dalkner N, Hamm C, Lenger M, Maget A, Pilz R, Queissner R, Reininghaus B, Reiter A, Mangge H, Zelzer S, Kapfhammer HP, Reininghaus EZ. The Relationship Between Food Craving, Appetite-Related Hormones and Clinical Parameters in Bipolar Disorder. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010076. [PMID: 33383670 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and weight gain in bipolar disorder (BD) have multifactorial underlying causes such as medication side effects, atypical depressive symptomatology, genetic variants, and disturbances in the neuro-endocrinal system. Therefore, we aim to explore the associations between food craving (FC), clinical parameters, psychotropic medication, and appetite-related hormones. In this cross-sectional investigation, 139 individuals with BD and 93 healthy controls (HC) completed the food craving inventory (FCI). In addition, blood samples (including leptin and acylated ghrelin) were analyzed and sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Individuals with BD reported higher frequencies of total FC as well as craving for fat and fast food than HC. Additionally, we found a significant negative correlation between FC and ghrelin levels in BD. Smokers with BD reported significantly more craving for high fat foods than non-smokers. Age was significantly associated with FC independent of group. Individuals with BD taking olanzapine and quetiapine reported higher frequencies of craving for sweet food, while patients currently taking lithium reported less total FC compared to those without lithium therapy. Likewise, patients currently taking valproate reported less total FC and less craving for sweets than those not taking valproate. FC appears to be of clinical relevance in individuals with BD. Contrary to previous data, this does not seem to be a female phenomenon only and might encompass more than the specific craving for carbohydrates. Although due to the cross sectional design, causality cannot be determined, the association between depressive symptomatology and fast food craving warrants further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carlo Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - René Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Reiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-Associated Risk Biomarkers, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sieglinde Zelzer
- Research Unit on Lifestyle and Inflammation-Associated Risk Biomarkers, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Patel D, Vishwakarma PK, Patel R, Jain NS. Central histaminergic transmission modulates the expression of chronic nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety-like and somatic behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 399:112997. [PMID: 33166570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the plausible modulatory role of central histaminergic transmission on the expression of nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety and somatic behavior in mice. Abrupt cessation of chronic nicotine (2 mg/kg, i.p. × 3/day) treatment for 12 days to mice, expressed increased anxiety in light & dark test and total abstinence (somatic) score at 24 h post nicotine withdrawal time. The somatic signs includes a composite score of all behaviors such as grooming, rearing, jumping, body shakes, forelimb tremors, head shakes, abdominal constrictions, scratching, empty mouth chewing or teeth chattering, genital licking, tail licking. Mice exhibited higher expression to nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety in light & dark test at 24 h post-nicotine withdrawal time on pre-treatment centrally (i.c.v) with histaminergic agents like histamine (0.1, 50 μg/mouse), histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist, thioperamide (2, 10 μg/mouse), histamine H1 receptor agonist, FMPH (2, 6.5 μg/mouse) or H2 receptor agonist amthamine (0.1, 0.5 μg/mouse) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with histamine precursor, l-histidine (250, 500 mg/kg) as compared to control nicotine withdrawn animals. Furthermore, mice pre-treated with all these histaminergic agents except histamine H1 receptor agonist, FMPH shows exacerbated expression to post-nicotine withdrawal induced total abstinence (somatic) score in mice. On the other hand, central injection of selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist, cetirizine (0.1 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) or H2 receptor antagonist, ranitidine (50 μg/mouse, i.c.v) to mice 10 min before 24 h post-nicotine withdrawal time completely alleviated the expression of nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety and somatic behavior. Thus, it can be contemplated that the blockade of central histamine H1 or H2 receptor during the nicotine withdrawal phase could be a novel approach to mitigate the nicotine withdrawal associated anxiety-like manifestations. Contribution of endogenous histamine via H1 or H2 receptor stimulation in the nicotine withdrawal induced anxiety and somatic behavior is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Richa Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Nishant Sudhir Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University (A Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
The Effectiveness of Combat Tactical Breathing as Compared with Prolonged Exhalation. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2020; 46:19-28. [PMID: 32757097 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-020-09485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tactical breathing (TB) is used by military and law enforcement personnel to reduce stress and maintain psychomotor and cognitive performance in dangerous situations (Grossman and Christensen, in On combat: the psychology and physiology of deadly conflict in war and in peace, PPCT Research Publications, Belleville, 2008). So far, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of TB is limited and there are breathing techniques that are easier to learn and to apply. This study compared the effectiveness of tactical breathing and prolonged exhalation (ProlEx) under laboratory conditions. Thirty healthy participants performed a Stroop interference task under time pressure and noise distraction. Time pressure was induced with short inter-trial intervals of 350 ms and short trial durations of 1500 ms. Acoustic distraction was realised with white noise with intensity increasing from 77 to 89 dB SPL over the course of an experimental block. In a counterbalanced repeated-measures design, participants used either TB or ProlEx to reduce the induced psychological and physiological arousal. Stress reactions were assessed on the subjective level (Steyer et al., in Multidimensional mood questionnaire (MDMQ), Hogrefe, Göttingen, 1997) and on the physiological level (heart rate, heart rate variability, electrodermal activity). Results showed no significant differences between breathing techniques on the subjective level. While participants showed a lower physiological arousal in the TB condition, better performance was achieved in the ProlEx condition. Results indicate that TB may be superior in passive coping conditions, while ProlEx is more effective when active coping is required.
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Neuroprotective effect of chronic administration of cannabidiol during the abstinence period on methamphetamine-induced impairment of recognition memory in the rats. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:385-396. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
|
22
|
Van Hedger K, Kushner MJ, Lee R, de Wit H. Oxytocin Reduces Cigarette Consumption in Daily Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:799-804. [PMID: 29701814 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite widespread knowledge of the dangers of cigarette consumption, smoking continues to be a public health concern. One compound that has shown potential for treatment in preclinical models is the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of intranasal oxytocin on cigarette craving, behavioral economic demand for cigarettes, and cigarette consumption, in regular smokers after 18 hours of abstinence. METHOD Otherwise healthy daily smokers (n = 35) completed two sessions where they received OT (40 IU intranasal) or placebo (PBO) and completed measures of craving and cigarette demand, and they were given six opportunities to smoke partial cigarettes in exchange for money. RESULTS On average participants smoked few cigarettes after receiving OT than after receiving PBO, and they reported less desire for additional cigarettes during the smoking period. OT did not affect cigarette demand or standardized measures of cigarette craving. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that OT decreases some indices of smoking desire and consumption, providing modest support for the idea that OT might be effective for reducing cigarette smoking. IMPLICATIONS This study provides new evidence that oxytocin might have clinical value in the treatment of addictive disorders, in this case tobacco addiction. The study adds to a growing literature suggesting that this neuropeptide, which is mainly known for its role in social bonding and attachment, may also affect mood and motivational states relevant to addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryne Van Hedger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Meredith J Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Royce Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Wang D, Yang L, Wang J, Hu G, Liu Z, Yan D, Serikuly N, Alpyshov ET, Demin KA, Galstyan DS, Strekalova T, de Abreu MS, Amstislavskaya TG, Kalueff AV. Behavioral and physiological effects of acute and chronic kava exposure in adult zebrafish. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106881. [PMID: 32240749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kava kava (Piper methysticum) is a medicinal plant containing kavalactones that exert potent sedative, analgesic and anti-stress action. However, their pharmacological effects and molecular targets remain poorly understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a powerful new model organism for neuroscience research and drug discovery. Here, we evaluate the effects of acute and chronic exposure to kava and kavalactones on adult zebrafish anxiety, aggression and sociality, as well as on their neurochemical, neuroendocrine and genomic responses. Supporting evolutionarily conserved molecular targets, acute kava and kavalactones evoked dose-dependent behavioral inhibition, upregulated brain expression of early protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun, elevated brain monoamines and lowered whole-body cortisol. Chronic 7-day kava exposure evoked similar behavioral effects, did not alter cortisol levels, and failed to evoke withdrawal-like states upon discontinuation. However, chronic kava upregulated several microglial (iNOS, Egr-2, CD11b), astrocytal (C3, C4B, S100a), epigenetic (ncoa-1) and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFa) biomarker genes, downregulated CD206 and IL-4, and did not affect major apoptotic genes in the brain. Collectively, this study supports robust, evolutionarily conserved behavioral and physiological effects of kava and kavalactones in zebrafish, implicates brain monoamines in their acute effects, and provides novel important insights into potential role of neuroglial and epigenetic mechanisms in long-term kava use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - LongEn Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guojun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZiYuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Research Center, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David S Galstyan
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Russian National Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Strekalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Fernandez DP, Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Short-term abstinence effects across potential behavioral addictions: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 76:101828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
|
25
|
Perry RN, Schlagintweit HE, Darredeau C, Helmick C, Newman AJ, Good KP, Barrett SP. The impacts of actual and perceived nicotine administration on insula functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1600-1609. [PMID: 31542980 PMCID: PMC6854612 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119872205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in resting state functional connectivity between the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as between the insula and nucleus accumbens have been linked to nicotine withdrawal and/or administration. However, because many of nicotine's effects in humans appear to depend, at least in part, on the belief that nicotine has been administered, the relative contribution of nicotine's pharmacological actions to such effects requires clarification. AIMS The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of perceived and actual nicotine administration on neural responses. METHODS Twenty-six smokers were randomly assigned to receive either a nicotine inhaler (4 mg deliverable) or a nicotine-free inhaler across two sessions. Inhaler content instructions (told nicotine vs told nicotine-free) differed across sessions. Resting state functional connectivity between sub-regions of the insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and nucleus accumbens was measured using magnetic resonance imaging before and after inhaler administration. RESULTS Both actual and perceived nicotine administration independently altered resting state functional connectivity between the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, with actual administration being associated with decreased resting state functional connectivity, and perceived administration with increased resting state functional connectivity. Actual nicotine administration also contralaterally reduced resting state functional connectivity between the anterior insula and nucleus accumbens, while reductions in resting state functional connectivity between the mid-insula and right nucleus accumbens were observed when nicotine was administered unexpectedly. Changes in resting state functional connectivity associated with actual or perceived nicotine administration were unrelated to changes in subjective withdrawal and craving. Changes in withdrawal and craving were however independently associated with resting state functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and insula. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of considering non-pharmacological factors when examining drug mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Perry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hera E Schlagintweit
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christine Darredeau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Carl Helmick
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Aaron J Newman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kimberley P Good
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sean P Barrett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,Sean P. Barrett, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Mathews HL, Stitzel JA. The effects of oral nicotine administration and abstinence on sleep in male C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1335-1347. [PMID: 30564868 PMCID: PMC7372999 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in smoking cessation attempts and are predictive of relapse. Despite this knowledge, there is no established animal model to study the effect of nicotine abstinence on sleep and EEG parameters. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to characterize sleep and wakefulness in male C57BL/6J mice during periods of oral nicotine administration and abstinence. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with EEG/EMG recording devices. EEG/EMG data were recorded continuously for a period of 4 weeks. At the beginning of week 2, 200 μg/ml of nicotine was added to the 0.2% saccharin vehicle drinking solution. Following a 2-week period of oral nicotine administration, abstinence was initiated by excluding the nicotine from the 0.2% saccharin vehicle drinking solution. EEG/EMG were analyzed at pre-nicotine baseline, during nicotine administration, and on days 1, 2, and 5 of abstinence from nicotine. RESULTS Oral nicotine administration decreased total sleep time during the active phase, consistent with the stimulant actions of nicotine. In contrast, NREM sleep quantity was increased during the active phase on nicotine abstinence day 1 and REM sleep was decreased during days 2 and 5 of abstinence. Further, sleep fragmentation was increased during the inactive phase on all days of abstinence. Oral nicotine administration and abstinence from nicotine also altered EEG relative power frequencies during the inactive and active phase. CONCLUSIONS Both oral nicotine administration and abstinence lead to sleep disturbances in mice. Similarities between this model and human reports on the effect of nicotine/nicotine withdrawal on sleep support its utility in examining the molecular mechanisms that modulate the relationship between sleep, nicotine, and nicotine abstinence/withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter L Mathews
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
27
|
Boateng J, Okeke O. Evaluation of Clay-Functionalized Wafers and Films for Nicotine Replacement Therapy via Buccal Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E104. [PMID: 30832244 PMCID: PMC6471811 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional physicochemical properties of nicotine (NIC)-loaded composite freeze-dried wafers and solvent-evaporated films comprising hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate (SA), stabilized with magnesium aluminium silicate (MAS), have been reported. The formulations were characterized for swelling capacity, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug dissolution properties in simulated saliva (SS) and PBS at pH 6.8, and ex vivo and in vitro permeation using pig buccal mucosa membrane and EpiOralTM buccal tissue culture, respectively; finally, the cell viability of the EpiOralTM tissues after contact with the NIC-loaded formulations was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the functional characteristics compared with those of commercially available NIC strips. Swelling and NIC release from the HPMC⁻SA wafers were more prolonged (30 min) compared to the commercially available NIC strips which disintegrated rapidly and released the drug within 5 min. Generally, swelling, mucoadhesion, and drug release was faster in PBS than in SS, and the presence of MAS was essential for maintaining a high dose recovery compared to non-MAS formulations and commercial NIC strips, which showed lower percentage of NIC content, possibly due to evaporation during analysis. Permeation studies showed that the NIC released was able to cross both porcine buccal membrane and the EpiOralTM buccal tissue, with the latter showing higher permeation flux for all the formulations tested. All the NIC-loaded, MAS-stabilized formulations showed high tissue viability, with values above 80%, showing their great potential for use as buccal delivery platforms for NIC replacement therapy to aid smoking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Obinna Okeke
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Co-use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Combustible Cigarettes, and Their Association with Internalizing Pathology and Vulnerabilities. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2019; 43:114-120. [PMID: 32773910 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-018-9971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine use and psychological distress exert negative bidirectional effects on one another, and are impacted by shared vulnerabilities. Little work has examined the extent to which these relations differ between adult electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDs) users with varied combustible cigarette use histories. The current study examined differences in internalizing symptoms and vulnerabilities between adult dual and single ENDs users with and without a history of combustible cigarette use. Single ENDs users without combustible use histories reported significantly greater stress and anxiety symptoms than single ENDs users with combustible use histories. Single ENDs users without combustible use histories reported greater anxiety and difficulty regulating their emotions than dual-users. Dual-and single users with prior combustible use histories did not differ in internalizing pathology or vulnerability presentations. This suggests that pathology and vulnerability presentation among nicotine users are influenced by both current and past nicotine use history.
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Borkar CD, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar AJ, Subhedar NK, Kokare DM. Neuropeptide CART prevents memory loss attributed to withdrawal of nicotine following chronic treatment in mice. Addict Biol 2019; 24:51-64. [PMID: 29193459 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although chronic nicotine administration does not affect memory, its withdrawal causes massive cognitive deficits. The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been understood. We test the role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART), a neuropeptide known for its procognitive properties, in this process. The mice on chronic nicotine treatment/withdrawal were subjected to novel object recognition task. The capability of the animal to discriminate between the novel and familiar objects was tested and represented as discrimination index (DI); reduction in the index suggested amnesia. Nicotine for 49 days had no effect on DI, but 8-hour withdrawal caused a significant reduction, followed by full recovery at 24-hour withdrawal timepoint. Bilateral CART infusion in dorsal hippocampus rescued deficits in DI at 8-hours, whereas CART-antibody infusion into the dorsal hippocampus attenuated the recovery at 24-hours. Commensurate changes were observed in the CART as well as CART mRNA profiles in the hippocampus. CART mRNA expression and the peptide immunoreactivity did not change significantly following chronic nicotine treatment. However, there was a significant reduction at 8-hour withdrawal, followed by a drastic increase in CART immunoreactivity as well as CART mRNA at 24-hour withdrawal, compared with 8-hour withdrawal. Distinct α7-nicotinic receptor immunoreactivity was detected on the hippocampal CART neurons, suggesting cholinergic inputs. An increase in the synaptophysin immunoreactive elements around CART cells in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis 3 and subiculum at 24-hour post-withdrawal timepoint suggested neuronal plasticity. CART circuit dynamics in the hippocampus seems to modulate short-term memory associated with nicotine withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sneha Sagarkar
- Department of Biotechnology; Savitribai Phule Pune University; India
| | - Amul J. Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology; Savitribai Phule Pune University; India
| | | | - Dadasaheb M. Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University; India
| |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Abstract
Many smokers are aware that smoking is a dangerous health behavior and eventually try to quit smoking. Unfortunately, most quit attempts end in failure. Traditionally, the addictive nature of smoking has been attributed to the pharmacologic effects of nicotine. In an effort to offer a more comprehensive, biobehavioral analysis of smoking behavior and motivation, some researchers have begun to consider the role of social factors in smoking. In line with recent recommendations to integrate social and pharmacological analyses of smoking, we reviewed the experimental literature examining the effects of nicotine and nicotine withdrawal on social functioning. The review identified 13 studies that experimentally manipulated nicotine and assessed social functioning, 12 of which found support for nicotine's enhancement of social functioning. Although few experiments have investigated social functioning, they nevertheless offer compelling evidence that nicotine enhances social functioning in smokers and suggest that nicotine deprivation may hamper social functioning in those dependent on nicotine. Future directions for investigating social outcomes and context in those who use nicotine products are discussed with a focus on leveraging advances in social and developmental psychology, animal research, sociology, and neuroimaging to more comprehensively understand smoking behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco use causes one premature death every six seconds. Current smoking cessation aids include nicotine replacement therapies, bupropion, and varenicline. Although more than 70% of smokers express a desire to quit, fewer than 3% remain abstinent for more than one year, highlighting a critical need for more efficacious smoking cessation treatments. Areas covered: The authors discuss the rationale, preclinical and clinical development of varenicline for smoking cessation. They cover the development of varenicline as a partial agonist at α4β2 receptors, the primary neural substrate for nicotine reward. Then, they discuss evidence from preclinical studies indicating varenicline's efficacy in blocking nicotine reward, followed by clinical trials demonstrating safety and efficacy in sustaining abstinence in smokers. Finally, they cover post-market surveillance, including caution in heavy machine operators, putative cardiovascular risk, and the repealed warning for adverse neuropsychiatric events. Expert opinion: Varenicline development was based on strong theoretical rationale and preclinical evidence. Clinical studies indicate that varenicline is safe and more effective in sustaining abstinence than placebo, bupropion or nicotine replacement therapies. However, given that continuous abstinence rates across studies remain low (18 ~ 30% with varenicline; 4 ~ 10% with placebo), novel and more effective medications targeting other nicotinic or glutamate receptors for smoking cessation are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J. Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Moran LV, Stoeckel LE, Wang K, Caine CE, Villafuerte R, Calderon V, Baker JT, Ongur D, Janes AC, Evins AE, Pizzagalli DA. Nicotine-induced activation of caudate and anterior cingulate cortex in response to errors in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:789-802. [PMID: 29181816 PMCID: PMC5823729 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine improves attention and processing speed in individuals with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effects of nicotine on cognitive control. Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrates blunted activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in response to error and decreased post-error slowing in schizophrenia. METHODS Participants with schizophrenia (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 12) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effects of transdermal nicotine on cognitive control. For each drug condition, participants underwent fMRI while performing the stop signal task where participants attempt to inhibit prepotent responses to "go (motor activation)" signals when an occasional "stop (motor inhibition)" signal appears. Error processing was evaluated by comparing "stop error" trials (failed response inhibition) to "go" trials. Resting-state fMRI data were collected prior to the task. RESULTS Participants with schizophrenia had increased nicotine-induced activation of right caudate in response to errors compared to controls (DRUG × GROUP effect: p corrected < 0.05). Both groups had significant nicotine-induced activation of dACC and rACC in response to errors. Using right caudate activation to errors as a seed for resting-state functional connectivity analysis, relative to controls, participants with schizophrenia had significantly decreased connectivity between the right caudate and dACC/bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we replicated prior findings of decreased post-error slowing in schizophrenia and found that nicotine was associated with more adaptive (i.e., increased) post-error reaction time (RT). This proof-of-concept pilot study suggests a role for nicotinic agents in targeting cognitive control deficits in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Moran
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Correspondence to: Lauren Moran, MD McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, AB3S Belmont MA, 02478
| | - Luke E. Stoeckel
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Calderon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Justin T. Baker
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Dost Ongur
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Amy C. Janes
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - A. Eden Evins
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Belmont, MA 02478
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Predictors of Smoking Cessation and Relapse in Cancer Patients and Effect on Psychological Variables: an 18-Month Observational Study. Ann Behav Med 2018; 51:117-127. [PMID: 27670773 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer patients are generally strongly advised to quit smoking in order to improve treatment efficacy and survival, up to 68 % of patients who were smokers at the time of cancer diagnosis continue smoking. Psychological factors such as depression and anxiety are likely to be associated with smoking behavior following a cancer diagnosis, but the empirical evidence is scarce. PURPOSE This observational study aimed at estimating smoking cessation rates and assessing the effect of smoking cessation on psychological symptoms, as well as the predictive role of the same psychological variables on smoking cessation and smoking relapse following cancer surgery. METHODS As part of a larger prospective, epidemiological study, smokers (n = 175) with a first diagnosis of nonmetastatic cancer completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory. Quitters (n = 55) and pair-matched nonquitters (n = 55) were compared on each symptom at pre-quitting, post-quitting, and at a 4-month follow-up. Predictors of smoking cessation and smoking relapse, including psychological variables, were also investigated. RESULTS Fifty-five patients (31.4 %) stopped smoking at least on one occasion during the study. Of the 55 quitters, 27 (49.1 %) experienced a relapse. At pre-quitting, quitters had significantly higher levels of anxiety (p = .03) and fear of cancer recurrence (p = .01) than nonquitters, symptoms that significantly diminished at post-quitting and 4 months later in this subgroup of patients. Having breast cancer significantly predicted smoking cessation (relative risk [RR] = 3.08), while depressive symptoms were a significant predictor of smoking relapse (RR = 1.07). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of psychological symptoms in predicting tobacco cessation and relapse among individuals with cancer. Our findings suggest that breast cancer patients are more inclined to stop smoking than patients with other cancers, but future studies should attempt to delineate the effect on smoking cessation of gender and other demographics that characterize this subgroup. This study also suggests that a particular attention should be paid to the early management of depressive symptoms in order to prevent smoking relapse.
Collapse
|
|
34
|
King DL, Herd MC, Delfabbro PH. Motivational components of tolerance in Internet gaming disorder. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
|
35
|
King DL, Herd MCE, Delfabbro PH. Tolerance in Internet gaming disorder: A need for increasing gaming time or something else? J Behav Addict 2017; 6:525-533. [PMID: 29137493 PMCID: PMC6034956 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The criterion of tolerance in DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to a need for increasing time spent gaming. However, this focus on "need for gaming time" may overlook some of the broader motivations, outcomes, or effects of gaming that underlie excessive play. This study aimed to explore regular and problematic gamers' experiences and perceptions of tolerance in IGD. Methods An online survey of 630 adult gamers yielded 1,417 text responses to open-ended questions. A thematic analysis of 23,373 words was conducted to extract dominant themes. Results Participants reported that they increasingly desired game items, status, or story progress as they became more involved or invested in games. As players develop higher standards of play in games, an increasing number of potential reward outcomes may have diminishing mood-modifying effects. None of the participants, including those with self-reported IGD, explicitly referred to a need for increasing time spent gaming. Discussion and conclusions These results suggest that players may be motivated by preferences for specific goals or reinforcers in games rather than wanting an amount of time spent gaming. Thus, problematic gaming may involve a need for completion of increasingly intricate, time-consuming, or difficult goals to achieve satisfaction and/or reduce fears of missing out. Further research is needed to determine whether these cognitive and motivational factors related to gaming stimuli should extend or replace the concept of tolerance in IGD or be considered as separate but related processes in disordered gaming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. King
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,Corresponding author: Daniel L. King; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Hughes Building, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Phone: +61 8 8313 3740; Fax: +61 8 8303 3770; E-mail:
| | | | - Paul H. Delfabbro
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Reed P, Romano M, Re F, Roaro A, Osborne LA, Viganò C, Truzoli R. Differential physiological changes following internet exposure in higher and lower problematic internet users. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178480. [PMID: 28542470 PMCID: PMC5444838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) has been suggested as in need of further research with a view to being included as a disorder in future Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association, but lack of knowledge about the impact of internet cessation on physiological function remains a major gap in knowledge and a barrier to PIU classification. One hundred and forty-four participants were assessed for physiological (blood pressure and heart rate) and psychological (mood and state anxiety) function before and after an internet session. Individuals also completed a psychometric examination relating to their usage of the internet, as well as their levels of depression and trait anxiety. Individuals who identified themselves as having PIU displayed increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure, as well as reduced mood and increased state of anxiety, following cessation of internet session. There were no such changes in individuals with no self-reported PIU. These changes were independent of levels of depression and trait anxiety. These changes after cessation of internet use are similar to those seen in individuals who have ceased using sedative or opiate drugs, and suggest PIU deserves further investigation and serious consideration as a disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phil Reed
- Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Federica Re
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lisa A Osborne
- Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Compromised neuroplasticity in cigarette smokers under nicotine withdrawal is restituted by the nicotinic α 4β 2-receptor partial agonist varenicline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1387. [PMID: 28469204 PMCID: PMC5431184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine modulates neuroplasticity and improves cognitive functions in animals and humans. In the brain of smoking individuals, calcium-dependent plasticity induced by non-invasive brain stimulation methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and paired associative stimulation (PAS) is impaired by nicotine withdrawal, but partially re-established after nicotine re-administration. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism further, we tested the impact of the α4β2-nicotinic receptor partial agonist varenicline on focal and non-focal plasticity in smokers during nicotine withdrawal, induced by PAS and tDCS, respectively. We administered low (0.3 mg) and high (1.0 mg) single doses of varenicline or placebo medication before stimulation over the left motor cortex of 20 healthy smokers under nicotine withdrawal. Motor cortex excitability was monitored by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor evoked potential amplitudes for 36 hours after plasticity induction. Stimulation-induced plasticity was absent under placebo medication, whereas it was present in all conditions under high dose. Low dose restituted only tDCS-induced non-focal plasticity, producing no significant impact on focal plasticity. High dose varenicline also prolonged inhibitory plasticity. These results are comparable to the impact of nicotine on withdrawal-related impaired plasticity in smokers and suggest that α4β2 nicotinic receptors are relevantly involved in plasticity deficits and restitution in smokers.
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Venkataraman SS, Claussen C, Joseph M, Dafny N. Concomitant behavioral and PFC neuronal activity recorded following dose-response protocol of MPD in adult male rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 130:125-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
|
39
|
Jensen KP, Smith AH, Herman AI, Farrer LA, Kranzler HR, Sofuoglu M, Gelernter J. A protocadherin gene cluster regulatory variant is associated with nicotine withdrawal and the urge to smoke. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:242-249. [PMID: 27067016 PMCID: PMC5390815 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms contribute to relapse in smokers, thereby prolonging the harm caused by smoking. To investigate the molecular basis for this phenomenon, we conducted a genome-wide association study of DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal in a sample of African American (AA) and European American (EA) smokers. A combined AA and EA meta-analysis (n=8021) identified three highly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the protocadherin (PCDH)-α, -β and -γ gene cluster on chromosome 5 that were associated with nicotine withdrawal (P<5 × 10-8). We then studied one of the SNPs, rs31746, in an independent sample of smokers who participated in an intravenous nicotine infusion study that followed overnight smoking abstinence. After nicotine infusion, abstinent smokers with the withdrawal risk allele experienced greater alleviation of their urges to smoke, as assessed by the Brief Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (BQSU). Prior work has shown that the PCDH-α, -β and -γ genes are expressed in neurons in a highly organized manner. We found that rs31746 mapped to a long-range neuron-specific enhancer element shown previously to regulate PCDH-α, -β and -γ gene expression. Using Braincloud mRNA expression data, we identified a robust and specific association between rs31746 and PCDH-β8 mRNA expression in frontal cortex tissue (P<1 × 10-5). We conclude that PCDH-α, -β and -γ gene cluster regulatory variation influences the severity of nicotine withdrawal. Further studies on the PCDH-α, -β and -γ genes and their role in nicotine withdrawal may inform the development of novel smoking cessation treatments and reduce the harm caused by tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew H. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aryeh I. Herman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and the VISN4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Soyster P, Anzai NE, Fromont SC, Prochaska JJ. Correlates of nicotine withdrawal severity in smokers during a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization. Prev Med 2016; 92:176-182. [PMID: 26892910 PMCID: PMC5108455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric hospitals are increasingly adopting smoke-free policies. Tobacco use is common among persons with mental illness, and nicotine withdrawal (NW), which includes symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger/irritability, and sleep disturbance, may confound psychiatric assessment and treatment in the inpatient setting. This study aimed to characterize NW and correlates of NW severity in a sample of smokers hospitalized for treatment of mental illness in California. Participants (N=754) were enrolled between 2009 and 2013, and averaged 17 (SD=10) cigarettes/day prior to hospitalization. Though most (70%) received nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) during hospitalization, a majority (65%) reported experiencing moderate to severe NW. In a general linear regression model, NW symptoms were more severe for women, African American patients, and polysubstance abusers. Though invariant by psychiatric diagnostic category, greater NW was associated with more severe overall psychopathology and greater cigarette dependence. The full model explained 46% of the total variation in NW symptom severity (F [19, 470]=23.03 p<0.001). A minority of participants (13%) refused NRT during hospitalization. Those who refused NRT reported milder cigarette dependence and stated no prior use of NRT. Among smokers hospitalized for mental illness, NW severity appears multidetermined, related to cigarette dependence, demographic variables, psychiatric symptom severity, and other substance use. Assessment and treatment of NW in the psychiatric hospital is clinically warranted and with extra attention to groups that may be more vulnerable or naïve to cessation pharmacotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Soyster
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology. Room 3210, Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Nicole E Anzai
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University. 1265 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Sebastien C Fromont
- Affiliated with Alta Bates Medical Center at the time the study was conducted. 2001 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University. 1265 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
41
|
DiFranza JR. Can tobacco dependence provide insights into other drug addictions? BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:365. [PMID: 27784294 PMCID: PMC5081932 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of addiction research, individuals tend to operate within silos of knowledge focused on specific drug classes. The discovery that tobacco dependence develops in a progression of stages and that the latency to the onset of withdrawal symptoms after the last use of tobacco changes over time have provided insights into how tobacco dependence develops that might be applied to the study of other drugs.As physical dependence on tobacco develops, it progresses through previously unrecognized clinical stages of wanting, craving and needing. The latency to withdrawal is a measure of the asymptomatic phase of withdrawal, extending from the last use of tobacco to the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. Symptomatic withdrawal is characterized by a wanting phase, a craving phase, and a needing phase. The intensity of the desire to smoke that is triggered by withdrawal correlates with brain activity in addiction circuits. With repeated tobacco use, the latency to withdrawal shrinks from as long as several weeks to as short as several minutes. The shortening of the asymptomatic phase of withdrawal drives an escalation of smoking, first in terms of the number of smoking days/month until daily smoking commences, then in terms of cigarettes smoked/day.The discoveries of the stages of physical dependence and the latency to withdrawal raises the question, does physical dependence develop in stages with other drugs? Is the latency to withdrawal for other substances measured in weeks at the onset of dependence? Does it shorten over time? The research methods that uncovered how tobacco dependence emerges might be fruitfully applied to the investigation of other addictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. DiFranza
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Tarren JR, Bartlett SE. Alcohol and nicotine interactions: pre-clinical models of dependence. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 43:146-154. [PMID: 27740856 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2016.1197232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While the co-morbidity of alcohol (ethanol) and tobacco (nicotine) dependence is well described, the processes that underpin this strong connection are still under debate. With the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), it is now becoming more important to look to the neurobiological mechanisms involving alcohol and nicotine interactions to effectively treat a new generation of co-dependent individuals. Researchers have already recognized that the neuropathology produced by the combination of nicotine and ethanol is likely to produce an addictive nature very different to that of either one alone, and are employing a mixture of pre-clinical techniques to establish and investigate every stage in the development of both nicotine and ethanol-seeking behaviors. While it is agreed that multiple pathways orchestrate the complex reward profile of alcohol and nicotine co-addiction, several lines of evidence suggest the convergent site of action is within the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). A whole host of strategies are currently being employed to discover and unravel previously unknown or ill understood neurobiological processes in the brain, contributing greatly toward the development of novel pharmacotherapies with the aim of improving patient outcomes. This review intends to shed some light on the most influential and most recent pre-clinical work that is leading the charge in modeling this complicated relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine R Tarren
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology , Woolloongabba , QLD , Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- a Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology , Woolloongabba , QLD , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
43
|
Morean ME, L’Insalata A. The Short Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of a Measure of Vaping Expectancies for Use With Adult E-cigarette Users. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:215-221. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
|
44
|
Abstract
Does quitting cigarette smoking help or hurt the polydrug user in treatment for drug use? Data were obtained from 407 polydrug users in 15 treatment centers in Los Angeles at baseline and one-year follow-up. Measures: Smoking status, reported drug use, urine test results, SF-36 scores, Hopkins SCL, ASI-alcohol use, -drug use, -psychiatric problems, and ad hoc employment-related problems. Results: Most respondents (95%) reported some lifetime smoking. Over one-year follow-up, 29% reported a change in smoking status. At follow-up, stable former smokers reported fewer psychiatric problems than stable current smokers. Change in smoking status was associated with reduced heroin use, but with increased psychiatric problems and employment-related problems. Stable former smokers consistently reported healthier outcomes than either stable regular smokers or status changers, as reflected in somatization, obsessive/compulsive behavior, depression, and anxiety scores. Conclusions: Long-term but not short-term abstinence from tobacco use in polydrug users undergoing treatment is associated with consistently more favorable health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyleste Collins
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at UCLA and Associate Director of the UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Ferrazzoli D, Carter A, Ustun FS, Palamara G, Ortelli P, Maestri R, Yücel M, Frazzitta G. Dopamine Replacement Therapy, Learning and Reward Prediction in Parkinson's Disease: Implications for Rehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:121. [PMID: 27378872 PMCID: PMC4906006 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the impaired ability to acquire and express habitual-automatic actions due to the loss of dopamine in the dorsolateral striatum, the region of the basal ganglia associated with the control of habitual behavior. Dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) compensates for the lack of dopamine, representing the standard treatment for different motor symptoms of PD (such as rigidity, bradykinesia and resting tremor). On the other hand, rehabilitation treatments, exploiting the use of cognitive strategies, feedbacks and external cues, permit to “learn to bypass” the defective basal ganglia (using the dorsolateral area of the prefrontal cortex) allowing the patients to perform correct movements under executive-volitional control. Therefore, DRT and rehabilitation seem to be two complementary and synergistic approaches. Learning and reward are central in rehabilitation: both of these mechanisms are the basis for the success of any rehabilitative treatment. Anyway, it is known that “learning resources” and reward could be negatively influenced from dopaminergic drugs. Furthermore, DRT causes different well-known complications: among these, dyskinesias, motor fluctuations, and dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) are intimately linked with the alteration in the learning and reward mechanisms and could impact seriously on the rehabilitative outcomes. These considerations highlight the need for careful titration of DRT to produce the desired improvement in motor symptoms while minimizing the associated detrimental effects. This is important in order to maximize the motor re-learning based on repetition, reward and practice during rehabilitation. In this scenario, we review the knowledge concerning the interactions between DRT, learning and reward, examine the most impactful DRT side effects and provide suggestions for optimizing rehabilitation in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrazzoli
- Department of Parkinson's disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital Gravedona ed Uniti (Como), Italy
| | - Adrian Carter
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fatma S Ustun
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Grazia Palamara
- Department of Parkinson's disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital Gravedona ed Uniti (Como), Italy
| | - Paola Ortelli
- Department of Parkinson's disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital Gravedona ed Uniti (Como), Italy
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Scientific Institute of Montescano, S. Maugeri Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Montescano (Pavia), Italy
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Frazzitta
- Department of Parkinson's disease, Movement Disorders and Brain Injury Rehabilitation, "Moriggia-Pelascini" Hospital Gravedona ed Uniti (Como), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
46
|
Bolin BL, Lile JA, Marks KR, Beckmann JS, Rush CR, Stoops WW. Buspirone reduces sexual risk-taking intent but not cocaine self-administration. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:162-73. [PMID: 27254258 PMCID: PMC4896094 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsive sexual decision-making may underlie sexual risk-taking behavior that contributes to the disproportionately high prevalence of HIV infection among cocaine users. Delay-discounting procedures measure impulsive decision-making and may provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of sexual risk-taking behavior. The anxiolytic drug buspirone reduces delay discounting in rats and blunts the reinforcing effects of cocaine in some preclinical studies suggesting that it might have utility in the treatment of cocaine-use disorders. This study determined whether buspirone mitigates impulsive risky sexual decision-making in cocaine users on a sexual delay-discounting procedure. The effects of buspirone maintenance on the abuse-related and physiological effects of cocaine were also tested. Nine (N = 9) current cocaine users completed a repeated-measures, inpatient protocol in which sexual delay discounting was assessed after 3 days of maintenance on placebo and buspirone (30 mg/day) in counterbalanced order. The reinforcing, subject-rated, and physiological effects of placebo and intranasal cocaine (15 and 45 mg) were also assessed during buspirone and placebo maintenance. Buspirone increased the likelihood of condom use for hypothetical sexual partners that were categorized as most likely to have a sexually transmitted infection and least sexually desirable. Cocaine functioned as a reinforcer and increased positive subjective effects ratings, but buspirone maintenance did not impact these effects of cocaine. Buspirone was also safe and tolerable when combined with cocaine and may have blunted some its cardiovascular effects. The results from the sexual delay-discounting procedure indicate that buspirone may reduce preference for riskier sex in cocaine users. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Levi Bolin
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, U.S.A
| | - Joshua A. Lile
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, U.S.A.,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509, U.S.A
| | - Katherine R. Marks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, U.S.A
| | - Joshua S. Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, U.S.A
| | - Craig R. Rush
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, U.S.A.,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509, U.S.A
| | - William W. Stoops
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, U.S.A.,Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, U.S.A.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 3470 Blazer Parkway, Lexington, KY 40509, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
Penberthy JK, Penberthy JM, Harris MR, Nanda S, Ahn J, Martinez CP, Osika AO, Slepian ZA, Forsyth JC, Starr JA, Farrell JE, Hook JN. Are Smoking Cessation Treatments Associated with Suicidality Risk? An Overview. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2016; 10:19-30. [PMID: 27081311 PMCID: PMC4830638 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s33389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Risk of suicidality during smoking cessation treatment is an important, but often overlooked, aspect of nicotine addiction research and treatment. We explore the relationship between smoking cessation interventions and suicidality and explore common treatments, their associated risks, and effectiveness in promoting smoking reduction and abstinence. Although active smokers have been reported to have twofold to threefold increased risk of suicidality when compared to nonsmokers,1–4 research regarding the safest way to stop smoking does not always provide clear guidelines for practitioners wishing to advise their patients regarding smoking cessation strategies. In this article, we review pharmacological and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) options that are available for people seeking to quit smoking, focusing on the relationship between the ability of these therapies to reduce smoking behavior and promote abstinence and suicidality risks as assessed by reported suicidality on validated measures, reports of suicidal ideation, behaviors, actual attempts, or completed suicides. Pharmacotherapies such as varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement, and CBTs, including contextual CBT interventions, have been found to help reduce smoking rates and promote and maintain abstinence. Suicidality risks, while present when trying to quit smoking, do not appear to demonstrate a consistent or significant rise associated with use of any particular smoking cessation pharmacotherapy or CBT/contextual CBT intervention reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim Penberthy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Morgan Penberthy
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marcus R Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sonali Nanda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Caridad Ponce Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Apule O Osika
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zoe A Slepian
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - J Andrew Starr
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Joshua N Hook
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Dias NR, Peechatka AL, Janes AC. Insula reactivity to negative stimuli is associated with daily cigarette use: A preliminary investigation using the Human Connectome Database. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 159:277-80. [PMID: 26748411 PMCID: PMC4724488 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who smoke more cigarettes per day are at greater risk for developing smoking-related illness and have more difficulty quitting. Withdrawal-related negative mood is one factor thought to motivate drug use. However, heavy smokers are generally more sensitive to negative affect, not just negative emotion stemming from withdrawal. One possibility is that individual differences in how the brain processes negative stimuli may impact smoking use. Given the wealth of data implicating the insula in nicotine dependence and affective processing we hypothesize that the number of cigarettes an individual smokes per day will relate to insula reactivity to negative stimuli. METHODS A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) emotional processing task collected by the Human Connectome Project was assessed in 21 daily tobacco smokers who reported smoking between 5 and 20 cigarettes per day. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was correlated with right and left anterior insula reactivity to faces expressing a negative emotion relative to a control. This anterior insula region of interest has been associated with treatment outcome and smoking cue-reactivity in our prior work. RESULTS Those who smoked more daily cigarettes showed greater right insula reactivity to negative stimuli (r=0.564, p=0.008). Left insula reactivity was not associated with cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSION Smokers who use more cigarettes per day have greater insula reactivity to negative stimuli, furthering the field's understanding of the insula's involvement in nicotine use. This preliminary work also suggests a mechanism contributing to higher rates of daily smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- NR Dias
- McLean Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - AL Peechatka
- McLean Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AC Janes
- McLean Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA,Corresponding author at: McLean Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St. Belmont, MA 02478.
| |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Brynildsen JK, Najar J, Hsu LM, Vaupel DB, Lu H, Ross TJ, Yang Y, Stein EA. A novel method to induce nicotine dependence by intermittent drug delivery using osmotic minipumps. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 142:79-84. [PMID: 26751248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although osmotic minipumps are a reliable method for inducing nicotine dependence in rodents, continuous nicotine administration does not accurately model the intermittent pattern of nicotine intake in cigarette smokers. Our objectives, therefore, were to investigate whether intermittent nicotine delivery via osmotic minipumps could induce dependence in rats, and to compare the magnitude and duration of withdrawal following forced abstinence from intermittent nicotine to that induced by continuous nicotine administration. In order to administer nicotine intermittently, rats were surgically implanted with saline-filled osmotic minipumps attached to polyethylene tubing that contained hourly unit doses of nicotine alternating with mineral oil to mimic "injections". Three doses of nicotine (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8mg/kg/day) and saline were administered for 14days using this method. In order to compare our intermittent delivery method with the more traditional continuous nicotine delivery, a second group of rats was implanted with minipumps attached to tubing that delivered continuous nicotine for 14days. Rats were administered a 1.5mg/kg subcutaneous (SC) mecamylamine challenge and observed for somatic signs of withdrawal on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 following minipump implantation. Fifteen somatic withdrawal signs were summed within a 50-minute observation period to obtain a composite Dependence Score. A generalized linear mixed-effects model revealed a significant Day×Dose×Method interaction. Amongst continuously-treated rats, only 4.8mg/kg/d nicotine resulted in dependence scores significantly greater than those of controls at 14days of exposure. In contrast, all intermittent nicotine groups showed significantly higher scores beginning at 7days of exposure and persisting beyond 7days of abstinence. In general, intermittent delivery produced a more robust withdrawal syndrome than continuous delivery, and did so at a lower dose threshold and with greater persistence after forced abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brynildsen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie Najar
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li-Ming Hsu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Bruce Vaupel
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Kelly MM, Jensen KP, Sofuoglu M. Co-occurring tobacco use and posttraumatic stress disorder: Smoking cessation treatment implications. Am J Addict 2015; 24:695-704. [PMID: 26584242 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Kelly
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital; Bedford Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Worcester Massachusetts
| | - Kevin P. Jensen
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Mehmet Sofuoglu
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|