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Doolgindachbaporn G, Ongthiemsak C, Ruengrungsom C. Marginal bone changes in cement-retained implant-supported crowns: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2025:S0022-3913(25)00382-8. [PMID: 40393900 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2025.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 04/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/23/2025] [Indexed: 05/22/2025]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Despite extensive research on the individual factors associated with marginal bone changes around cement-retained implant-supported crowns, there remains a substantial knowledge gap concerning the cumulative impact of multiple factors on this outcome. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify factors associated with marginal bone changes around cement-retained implant-supported crowns and to compare these bone changes with those of screw-retained implant-supported crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases before November 2024, supplemented by a manual search of relevant reference lists. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality. The included studies involved bone-level dental implants with platform-switching and internal connection designs supporting cement-retained crowns adjacent to natural teeth. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed using meta-regression to identify significant factors influencing marginal bone changes. Pairwise meta-analysis was performed to compare the mean marginal bone changes between cement- and screw-retained implant-supported crowns. RESULTS Thirty-one studies, comprising 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 prospective nonrandomized studies, were included in the analysis. Meta-regression analysis revealed that mandibular implant placement was associated with greater bone loss compared with maxillary implant placement. Additionally, baseline bone measurements made at implant loading were linked to less bone loss than those made at implant placement. Certain loading and placement protocols demonstrated lower bone loss, while glass ionomer, zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and resin cements were associated with less bone loss compared with zinc oxide cement (P<.05). Over a period of 6 months to 7.5 years, the pooled mean marginal bone change was 0.201 mm (95%CI: 0.147, 0.256) for cement-retained crowns, while for the screw-retained crowns it was 0.105 mm (95%CI: 0.058, 0.151). However, no significant difference in mean marginal bone change was observed between the 2 groups (P=.888). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that several factors significantly impacted marginal bone loss, including implant placement site, baseline marginal bone measurement, implant placement and loading protocols, and cement type. Cement-retained crowns exhibited statistically similar bone loss compared with screw-retained crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintawat Doolgindachbaporn
- Dental Resident, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chakree Ongthiemsak
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Chirayu Ruengrungsom
- Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Amaç K, Turhan Bal B, Güngörmüş M, Bankoğlu Güngör M, Karakoca Nemli S. In vitro cytotoxicity of dental implant cements on human gingival and mouse preosteoblast cell lines. J Oral Sci 2025; 67:24-29. [PMID: 39694512 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.24-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxicity of implant luting cements and to visualize the morphological changes in the cells. METHODS Seven experimental groups Cem Implant Cement (CIC), EsTemp Implant Cement (EIC), Harvard Implant Cement (HIC), MIS Crown Set Implant Cement (MCIC), Oxford Cem Implant Cement (OCIC), Premier Implant Cement (PIC), and Adhesor Carbofine (ZPC) were generated including one conventional, and six implant cements (n = 9). Specimens were applied to human fibroblast cell (HGF) and mouse pre-osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) cells by direct contact and extract text methods. The extracts were prepared by sterilizing the discs under ultraviolet light for 24 h in a cell culture medium at 37°C, 5% CO, and 95% humidity. Cell lines were confluent in the cell culture module in 25 cm² and 75 cm² flasks in a carbon dioxide incubator with 5% CO and 95% humidity. Discs and extracts were placed in a 96-well plate. Cell viability was evaluated after 24 h by means of a cell proliferation assay with 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide (XTT assay). RESULTS Dual-cured OCIC and HIC cements comprising methacrylate and zinc oxide elicited relatively lower cytotoxicity than self-cure cements with various compositions. The OCIC revealed the highest cell viability (89%) in the extract method on the HGF cells. Immortalized MC3T3 cells showed more sensitivity to cement exposure than the primary HGF cells. CONCLUSION All tested cements elicited a cytotoxic effect with differences depending on cell type and cement material in extract and direct contact methods. Dual polymerized semi-permanent cement (OCIC) showed higher cell viability in the extract method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilge Turhan Bal
- Department of Prothodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University
| | - Mustafa Güngörmüş
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University
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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2025; 45:4-22. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Ghezzi B, Meglioli M, Salvaterra Toffoli A, Mergoni G, Rossi F, Manfredi M, Lumetti S, Manfredi E. Polishing methods for composites restoration: the influence on human gingival fibroblasts behaviour. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:651. [PMID: 38831398 PMCID: PMC11149303 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carious/Non-carious cervical lesions with gingival recessions may require both dental and periodontal reconstructive therapy, where flaps/grafts may be placed in contact with a dental filling material. Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGF-1) response during the early phase of healing could vary according to the procedures employed to cure the dental composite. Moreover, oxygen diffusion into dental composite inhibits the polymerization reaction, creating an oxygen-inhibited layer (OIL) that presents residual unreacted monomers. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different polishing techniques and OIL on HGF-1. METHODS Composite discs polished with different techniques (diamond rubber, abrasive discs and tungsten carbide burr) were used. An additional not polished smooth group obtained with and without OIL was used as control. Samples were physically characterized through the analysis of their hydrophilicity and surface topography through contact angle measurement and SEM, respectively; afterwards the biologic response of HGF-1 when cultured on the different substrates was analyzed in terms of cytotoxicity and gene expression. RESULTS The finishing systems caused alterations to the wettability, even if without a proportional relation towards the results of the proliferation essay, from which emerges a greater proliferation on surfaces polished with one-step diamond rubber and with abrasive discs as well as a direct effect of the glycerin layer, confirming that surface roughness can heavily influence the biological response of HGF-1. CONCLUSIONS Surfaces wettability as well as cellular behavior seem to be affected by the selection of the finishing system used to lastly shape the restoration. Especially, the presence of OIL act as a negative factor in the regards of human gingival fibroblasts. The present study may provide the first clinical instruction regarding the best polishing system of composite material when the restoration is placed directly in contact with soft tissue cells. Understanding HGF-1 behavior can help identifying the polishing treatment for direct restoration of carious/non-carious cervical lesions associated with gingival recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ghezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy.
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy.
| | - Matteo Meglioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvaterra Toffoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mergoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, National Research Council, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, 43126, Italy
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Bhatia N, R N. Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Various Composite Resin Materials: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56169. [PMID: 38618371 PMCID: PMC11015876 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine and compare the cytotoxicity of light-cured composite resin (Enlight light cure composite (Ormco, Glendora, California, USA)), light-cured acrylic resin (Orthocryl LC (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany)), and the self-cure acrylic (DPI RR cold cure acrylic (Dental Products of India, Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation Ltd., Mumbai, India)) material and to determine which component is best to be used for the purpose of nasal stent fabrication in the nasoalveolar molding (NAM) technique for cleft therapy. Methods Circular discs made from Enlight light cure composite, Orthocryl LC, and self-cure acrylic were submerged for 24 hours in gingival fibroblast media (three discs of each material) and control medium (three discs of each material) that were both contained in plates. After analyzing the optical densities of the plates, the cytotoxicity of the products was assessed by measuring cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The compiled data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, V. 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparison made with Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc test with a significance level (p) of 0.05 were considered. Results The percentage of cell viability was between 80% and 150%. A significant mean difference was noted in the cell viability between the three groups (p=0.009). High mean cell viability was seen in Orthocryl LC. However, there was no significant mean difference between Orthocryl LC and Enlight light cure composite material (p=0.854). Conclusion Both Orthocryl LC and Enlight light cure composite materials are less cytotoxic when compared to the self-cure acrylic resin material and can be used to fabricate the nasal stent component for infants with cleft defects, undergoing NAM procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Bhatia
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Navaneethan R
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Hezenci Y, Akdeniz BS. Comparison of residual monomer amounts released from indirect bonding adhesives. Angle Orthod 2023; 93:558-565. [PMID: 37212680 PMCID: PMC10575638 DOI: 10.2319/122322-864.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the amount of residual monomer released from orthodontic adhesives used in the indirect bonding technique and compare it to a direct bonding composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred stainless steel orthodontic brackets were bonded on bovine incisors using five groups of bonding resins: Transbond XT (TXT), Transbond Supreme LV (SLV), Sondhi Rapid-Set (SRS), Transbond IDB (IDB), and Custom I.Q. (CIQ). Liquid samples were gathered on the first, seventh, 21st, and 35th days. Residual monomer release was measured from the liquid samples with a liquid chromatography device. In addition, the amount and shape of the adhesive between the tooth surface and the bracket base was evaluated using obtained electron microscopy images. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, and a Tukey post-hoc test was applied. RESULTS Hydroxyethylmethacrylate and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate monomers were released by all study groups. Urethane-dimethacrylate was released from the TXT, SLV, IDB, and CIQ groups. Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate was released from TXT, SLV, IDB, and SRS groups. The amount of total monomer release was higher in chemically cured adhesives than in light-cured adhesives. Among the chemically cured adhesives, premix adhesives had the highest amount of total monomer release. The light-cured adhesives had less thickness. CONCLUSIONS Light-curing adhesives have significantly less monomer release than chemically polymerized adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Hezenci
- Corresponding author: Dr Yasin Hezenci, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Ortodonti A.D. Gölköy Kampüsü, Bolu, Turkey (e-mail: )
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Evaluation of residual monomer release after polymerization of different restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35698111 PMCID: PMC9190163 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice of the restorative resin material to be used in pediatric dentistry is of a great importance due to the cytotoxic effects caused by residual monomers. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the amount of residual monomer released over time from different resin-based restorative materials, which are widely used in pediatric dentistry, by using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). METHODS The compomers in all colors (Twinky Star and Glasiositte A2), two composites with different hybrid properties (Arabesk-GrandioSO), and RMGIC (Ionolux) samples with 2 × 5 mm diameters were prepared. The samples were polymerized with an LED light unit (CELALUX 2, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany) and then finishing-polishing procedures were applied. A total of 156 samples were obtained, 13 samples in each of the 12 groups. The amount of residual monomer (BIS-GMA; HEMA, TEGDMA, UDMA) (µg/mL) released into the 75% ethanol solution was determined at different times, (1st hour, 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st day) by using HPLC-PDA. RESULTS The residual monomer release continued on day 21 and BIS-GMA was the most released monomer in all groups. HEMA release showed a maximum increase in all the materials at day 7. The highest amount of residual monomer was detected in the gold-colored compomer. HEMA and BIS-GMA release from RMGIC was less than others in all time frames. CONCLUSIONS The color and composition of resin-based restorative materials affect the amount of residual monomer. Pediatric dentists should prefer gold-colored compomers less than others as a restorative material, especially in deep cavities. More studies are needed about the subject.
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Effect of Adhesive Resin as a Modeling Liquid on Elution of Resin Composite Restorations. Int J Dent 2022; 2021:3178536. [PMID: 34992656 PMCID: PMC8727123 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3178536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adhesive resin is increasingly used as a modeling liquid for composite. Based on previous studies, elution of some components from the composite mass negatively affects the oral tissues. Since few studies have focused on the effect of adhesive resin on composite mass, this study aimed to investigate the effect of dental adhesion factors as modeling liquid on the elution of substances from composite restorations. Materials and Methods Sixty-four composite specimens (6 × 2 mm diameter × height) were prepared in four groups (n = 16) by using a Teflon ring. Composite mass was incrementally applied in four layers (0.5 mm). The control group contained no material between the layers, but other groups had one of the single bond, SE bond, and wetting resin adhesives between the layers. Specimens were immersed in distilled water and methanol. The amount of released triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and camphorquinone (CQ) was monitored by gas chromatography after 24 hours and 7 days. Data were analyzed with SPSS software through Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results The highest rate of released TEGDMA comonomer was seen in the wetting resin group in the water medium. The highest rate of released UDMA monomer was seen in SE bond and wetting resin groups in the methanol medium after 24 hours. The highest amount of released CQ in the methanol medium was observed in the SE bond group after 7 days. Conclusion Single bond adhesive can be used as modeling liquid since it has no significant effect on the elution of components from composite mass. Whereas, wetting resin and SE bond adhesives are not suitable to be used as modeling liquid due to the high amounts of released TEGDMA and UDMA.
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Lopes-Rocha L, Ribeiro-Gonçalves L, Henriques B, Özcan M, Tiritan ME, Souza JCM. An integrative review on the toxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) released from resin composites used in dentistry. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1942-1952. [PMID: 33834604 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to perform an integrative review on the release of bisphenol A (BPA) from resin-matrix composites and potential toxic effects. A bibliographic search was performed on the PubMed platform using the following keywords: "Bisphenol A" OR "BPA" AND "resin composite" OR "composite resin" AND "toxicity" OR "cytotoxicity" OR "release". Inclusion criteria involved in vitro and in vivo studies on the release and toxicity of BPA. Results highlighted the release of BPA from resin-matrix composites due to insufficient polymerization and/or degradation of the polymeric matrix. BPA is part of the organic matrix of resin-matrix composites and may be hydrolysed in human saliva, although studies report that low doses might not be detected by traditional chemical analysis. Studies exposing zebrafish embryos to different concentrations of Bis-GMA, showed 55% mortality at 10 μM Bis-GMA while 30% mortality was recorded at 1 μM Bis-GMA. In patients, a BPA concentration of around 2.09 × 10-2 μg/ml was found in the saliva after placement of lingual orthodontic retainers with resin-matrix composites. Also, the BPA molecule can be swallowed and absorbed by the oral/gastrointestinal mucosa, which might result in systemic toxicity. The degradation of resin-matrix composites and release of BPA in oral environment are dependent on the organic matrix content and on the polymerization method. A increased release of BPA can lead to the absorption into oral and gastrointestinal mucosa with high risks of local and systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Lopes-Rocha
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Lara Ribeiro-Gonçalves
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal.,Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Júlio C M Souza
- Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, Portugal.,Centre for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
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Bationo R, Rouamba A, Diarra A, Beugré‐Kouassi MLA, Beugré J, Jordana F. Cytotoxicity evaluation of dental and orthodontic light-cured composite resins. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:40-48. [PMID: 33103376 PMCID: PMC7853878 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of light-cured composite resins (Clearfil ES-2, Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo, Blugloo, Transbond XT, and Transbond LR) then to assess leachable components in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and to quantity detected bisphenol A (BPA). METHODS Light-cured composite resin discs were immersed for 24 hours in gingival fibroblastic medium (n = 3 for each product) and in control medium (n = 2 for each product) contained in plate. Cytotoxicity of the products (n = 95) was determined by the measure of cell viability using MTT assay after reading the optical densities of the plates. The analysis of leachable components was done by gas phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and detected BPA was quantified. The limit of quantification was 0.01 μg/mL. Statistical analyses were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were applied. RESULTS Cell viabilities were between 85 and 90%. Many chemical compounds including triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and BPA were identified. The average concentrations were 0.67 μg/mL ± 0.84 in the control medium and 0.73 μg/mL ± 1.05 in the fibroblastic medium. Filtek Supreme XTE presented the highest concentration of BPA with 2.16 μg/mL ± 0.65 and Clearfil ES Flow presented the lowest with 0.25 μg/mL ± 0.35. No BPA was detected with Transbond XT and Transbond LR. Clearfil ES Flow, Filtek Supreme XTE, Grengloo and Transbond LR presented residual TEGDMA. CONCLUSIONS Light-cured composite resins are slightly cytotoxic opposite GFs and release many components including BPA and TEGDMA. Clinical precautions should be taken to decrease the release of these monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Bationo
- CHU de BogodogoOuagadougouBurkina Faso
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Ablassé Rouamba
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Chimie AppliquéesUniversité Joseph Ki‐ZerboOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaziz Diarra
- CHU de Tengandogo/UFR Sciences de la SantéUniversité Joseph Ki‐ZerboOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Monique Lydie Ahia Beugré‐Kouassi
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento‐Faciale – UFR d'Odonto‐StomatologieAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Jean‐Bertin Beugré
- Université Félix Houphouët‐BoignyAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
- Département d'Orthopédie Dento‐Faciale – UFR d'Odonto‐StomatologieAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Service d'Odontologie – CHU NantesUFR d'Odontologie de NantesNantesFrance
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Bioenergetic Impairment of Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate- (TEGDMA-) Treated Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) and Isolated Brain Mitochondria are Amended by Redox Compound Methylene Blue †. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163472. [PMID: 32781723 PMCID: PMC7475988 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomers released from resin matrix are toxic to dental pulp cells, induce apoptosis, oxidative stress and decrease viability. Recently, mitochondrial complex I (CI) was identified as a potential target of TEGDMA. In isolated mitochondria supported by CI, substrates oxidation and ATP synthesis were inhibited, reactive oxygen species production was stimulated. Contrary to that, respiratory Complex II was not impaired by TEGDMA. The beneficial effects of electron carrier compound methylene blue (MB) are proven in many disease models where mitochondrial involvement has been detected. In the present study, the bioenergetic effects of MB on TEGDMA-treated isolated mitochondria and on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) were analyzed. METHODS Isolated mitochondria and DPSC were acutely exposed to low millimolar concentrations of TEGDMA and 2 μM concentration of MB. Mitochondrial and cellular respiration and glycolytic flux were measured by high resolution respirometry and by Seahorse XF extracellular analyzer. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured fluorimetrically. RESULTS MB partially restored the mitochondrial oxidation, rescued membrane potential in isolated mitochondria and significantly increased the impaired cellular O2 consumption in the presence of TEGDMA. CONCLUSION MB is able to protect against TEGDMA-induced CI damage, and might provide protective effects in resin monomer exposed cells.
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Hürmüzlü F, Kılıç V. Analysis of Monomer Elution from Bulk-fill and Nanocomposites Cured with Different Light Curing Units Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feridun Hürmüzlü
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lokman Hekim University
| | - Vahti Kılıç
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Fırat University
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Knezevic A, Zeljezic D, Kopjar N, Duarte S, Par M, Tarle Z. Toxicology of Pre-heated Composites Polymerized Directly and Through CAD/CAM Overlay. Acta Stomatol Croat 2018; 52:203-217. [PMID: 30510296 PMCID: PMC6238872 DOI: 10.15644/asc52/3/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to compare cytotoxicity/genotoxicity of pre-heated composites polymerized through CAD/CAM overlays on isolated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Material and Methods A microhybrid (Z100, 3M ESPE) and nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3M ESPE) were heated in a heating unit (Calset, AdDent Inc.) at different temperatures: 37 oC, 54 oC, and 68 oC. A small amount of heated composite was placed in a cylindrical mold (6mm diameter; 0.65mm thick), covered with a Mylar sheet, pressed and light-cured directly and through 2 mm thick CAD/CAM ceramic-reinforced polymer (CRP)(LAVA Ultimate, 3M ESPE) or CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic (LDC)(e.max, Ivoclar/Vivadent) overlay. After curing, the specimens were immediately placed in a prepared lymphocyte cell culture. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a dye exclusion method by simultaneous staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange, aimed to determine percentages of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Genotoxicity was studied using alkaline comet assay. Results For Z100, the highest percentage of viable cells is recorded at T1 (93.7%) after direct light curing, followed by light curing through CRP (92.3%) and through LDC (91.7%T1,T3). For Filtek Supreme Ultra, the highest percentage of viable cells is recorded while curing through CRP (91.0% T2), followed by LDC (90% T1,T3) and direct light curing (88.7%T2). Conclusion For both tested materials, preheating the procedure at T1 and T2 may be the procedure of choice. In terms of genotoxicity, preheating at T3 may not be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Knezevic
- Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Davor Zeljezic
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sillas Duarte
- Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Matej Par
- Private Dental Practice, Dankovecka 9, 10040 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Tarle
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate impairs bioenergetic functions and induces oxidative stress in mitochondria via inhibiting respiratory Complex I. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e166-e181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schmalz G, Galler KM. Biocompatibility of biomaterials – Lessons learned and considerations for the design of novel materials. Dent Mater 2017; 33:382-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang M, Puska MA, Botelho MG, Säilynoja ES, Matinlinna JP. Degree of conversion and leached monomers of urethane dimethacrylate-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-based dental resin systems. J Oral Sci 2017; 58:15-22. [PMID: 27021535 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.58.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The degree of conversion (DC) and monomer leaching of three experimental urethane dimethacrylate (UEDMA)-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA)-based resin systems were studied. Three experimental resins (E1: 70.6 wt% UEDMA + 27.4 wt% HPMA, E2: 80.6 wt% UEDMA + 17.4 wt% HPMA, E3: 90.6 wt% UEDMA + 7.4 wt% HPMA) and one control resin [C: 70.6 wt% bis-phenol A glycidyl methacrylate (bis-GMA) + 27.4 wt% methyl methacrylate (MMA)] were prepared. For the DC test, cylindrical specimens [1.5 mm (h) × 6 mm (d)] were scanned with an ATR-FTIR instrument before and after light-curing (n = 5). For the monomer leaching test, block-shaped specimens [5.67 mm (l) × 2.00 mm (w) × 2.00 mm (h)] were light-cured (n = 6), stored in a 75% ethanol:water solution for 3 days, and then analyzed with HPLC. The UEDMA-HPMA-based experimental groups showed higher DC (62-78%) than the bis-GMA-MMA-based control group (58-66%), and the DC decreased as the UEDMA content increased (P < 0.05). Amongst the four groups, E3 exhibited the lowest leaching of both mono methacrylate (0.1% HPMA) and dimethacrylate (<0.043% UEDMA) monomers after 30 or 40 s of curing. The UEDMA-HPMA-based resins, therefore, exhibited higher DC and less monomer leaching compared to the bis-GMA-MMA-based resin. (J Oral Sci 58, 15-22, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Dental Materials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
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Lee MJ, Kim MJ, Kwon JS, Lee SB, Kim KM. Cytotoxicity of Light-Cured Dental Materials according to Different Sample Preparation Methods. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10030288. [PMID: 28772647 PMCID: PMC5503327 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental light-cured resins can undergo different degrees of polymerization when applied in vivo. When polymerization is incomplete, toxic monomers may be released into the oral cavity. The present study assessed the cytotoxicity of different materials, using sample preparation methods that mirror clinical conditions. Composite and bonding resins were used and divided into four groups according to sample preparation method: uncured; directly cured samples, which were cured after being placed on solidified agar; post-cured samples were polymerized before being placed on agar; and “removed unreacted layer” samples had their oxygen-inhibition layer removed after polymerization. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an agar diffusion test, MTT assay, and confocal microscopy. Uncured samples were the most cytotoxic, while removed unreacted layer samples were the least cytotoxic (p < 0.05). In the MTT assay, cell viability increased significantly in every group as the concentration of the extracts decreased (p < 0.05). Extracts from post-cured and removed unreacted layer samples of bonding resin were less toxic than post-cured and removed unreacted layer samples of composite resin. Removal of the oxygen-inhibition layer resulted in the lowest cytotoxicity. Clinicians should remove unreacted monomers on the resin surface immediately after restoring teeth with light-curing resin to improve the restoration biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Mi-Joo Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Sang-Bae Lee
- Dental Device Testing and Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Schweikl H, Schmalz G, Weinmann W. The Induction of Gene Mutations and Micronuclei by Oxiranes and Siloranes in Mammalian Cells in vitro. J Dent Res 2016; 83:17-21. [PMID: 14691107 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxiranes and siloranes are candidate molecules for the development of composite materials with low shrinkage. Since some of these molecules are highly reactive, they could lead to adverse biological effects from underlying genetic mechanisms. Therefore, we analyzed the formation of micronuclei (chromosomal aberrations) and the induction of gene mutations (HPRT assay) in mammalian cells. The numbers of micronuclei induced by the oxirane di(cyclohexene-epoxidemethyl)ether (Eth-Ep) at low concentrations (10 μM) were about five-fold higher than controls. The related compound epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-epoxy cyclo-hexane carboxylate (Est-Ep) was less effective. The activity of diglycidylether of bisphenol A (BADGE) was even lower but similar to the most reactive silorane, di-3,4-epoxy cyclohexylmethyl-dimethyl-silane (DiMe-Sil). No induction of micronuclei was detected in the presence of a rat liver homogenate (S9). Est-Ep and Eth-Ep also induced gene mutations. Our analyses indicated low mutagenic potentials of siloranes; however, some oxiranes induced strong effects at two genetic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schweikl
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
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Wegehaupt FJ, Lunghi N, Belibasakis GN, Attin T. Influence of light-curing distance on degree of conversion and cytotoxicity of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:12. [PMID: 27430972 PMCID: PMC4948104 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of conversion (DC) of resin based materials depends, beside other factors, on the light-intensity applied during light curing. A lower DC might be correlated with an increased cytotoxicity of the respective materials. Therefore, aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the distance between light-curing tip and adhesives on their cytotoxicity and degree of conversion (DC). METHODS For the cytotoxicity assay, a total of 98 bovine dentine samples were prepared, distributed to seven groups (G1-G7; n = 14) and treated as follows: G1: untreated; G2-G4: OptiBond FL; G5-G7: OptiBond All-In-One. Adhesives were light-cured (1200 mW/cm(2)) at 1 mm (G2;G5), 4 mm (G3;G6) or 7 mm (G4;G7) distance. Samples were stored in culture media for 24 h and extracts were added to cell cultures (dental pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts) for a further 24 h. Finally, released lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was photometrically determined, as measure for the cytotoxic effects of the extracts. The cytotoxicity assay was performed three times. Additionally, the DC of the adhesives was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. DC measurements were performed five times. RESULTS For both cell types, no significant difference of LDH release was observed between untreated control group (G1) and treated groups G2-G7 (p > 0.05, respectively), between the groups treated with same adhesive and light-cured at different distance (p > 0.05, respectively), as well as between groups treated with different adhesives and light-cured at the same distance (p > 0.05, respectively). Within the respective adhesive, no significant difference in the DC was observed when light-cured at different distance (p > 0.05, respectively), while OptiBond FL showed significantly higher DCs compared to OptiBond All-In-One when light-cured at same distances (p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The distance between light-curing tip and adhesive surface does not significantly influence either the cytotoxicity or the DC of the tested adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy Lunghi
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Effect of different dental ceramic systems on the wear of human enamel: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 115:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nematollahi F, Beyabanaki E, Alikhasi M. Cement Selection for Cement-Retained Implant-Supported Prostheses: A Literature Review. J Prosthodont 2015; 25:599-606. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nematollahi
- Department of Prosthodontics; Islamic Azad University; Dental Branch Tehran Iran
| | - Elaheh Beyabanaki
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Marzieh Alikhasi
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute; Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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22
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Effect of increased exposure times on amount of residual monomer released from single-step self-etch adhesives. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2015; 13:e287-92. [PMID: 26108431 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increased exposure times on the amount of residual Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA and UDMA released from single-step self-etch adhesive systems. METHODS Two adhesive systems were used. The adhesives were applied to bovine dentin surface according to the manufacturer's instructions and were polymerized using an LED curing unit for 10, 20 and 40 seconds (n = 5). After polymerization, the specimens were stored in 75% ethanol-water solution (6 mL). Residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA and HEMA) that were eluted from the adhesives (after 10 minutes, 1 hour, 1 day, 7 days and 30 days) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests. RESULTS Among the time periods, the highest amount of released residual monomers from adhesives was observed in the 10th minute. There were statistically significant differences regarding released Bis-GMA, UDMA, HEMA and TEGDMA between the adhesive systems (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among the 10, 20 and 40 second polymerization times according to their effect on residual monomer release from adhesives (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increasing the polymerization time did not have an effect on residual monomer release from single-step self-etch adhesives.
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Ginzkey C, Zinnitsch S, Steussloff G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH, Froelich K. Assessment of HEMA and TEGDMA induced DNA damage by multiple genotoxicological endpoints in human lymphocytes. Dent Mater 2015; 31:865-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Functionalizing a dentin bonding resin to become bioactive. Dent Mater 2014; 30:868-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Padovani GC, Fúcio SBP, Ambrosano GMB, Sinhoreti MAC, Puppin-Rontani RM. In Situ Surface Biodegradation of Restorative Materials. Oper Dent 2014; 39:349-60. [DOI: 10.2341/13-089-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study aimed to evaluate the surface characteristics of restorative materials (roughness, hardness, chemical changes by energy-dispersive spectroscopy [EDX], and scanning electron microscopy [SEM]) submitted to in situ biodegradation. Fifteen discs of each material (IPS e.max [EM], Filtek Supreme [FS], Vitremer [VI], Ketac Molar Easymix [KM], and Amalgam GS-80 [AM]) were fabricated in a metallic mold (4.0 mm × 1.5 mm). Roughness, hardness, SEM, and EDX were then evaluated. Fifteen healthy volunteers used a palatal device containing one disc of each restorative material for seven days. After the biodegradation, the roughness, hardness, SEM, and EDX were once again evaluated. Data obtained from the roughness and hardness evaluations were submitted to Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Tukey-Kramer tests (p<0.05). All esthetic restorative materials showed a significant increase in the roughness after biodegradation. Before biodegradation, significant differences in the hardness among the materials were seen: EM>AM>FS>KM>VI. After biodegradation, the hardness was significantly altered among the materials studied: EM>AM>FS=KM>VI, along with a significant increase in the hardness for AM, KM, and VI. SEM images indicated degradation on the surface of all materials, showing porosities, cracks, and roughness. Furthermore, after biodegradation, FS showed the presence of Cl, K, and Ca on the surface, while F was not present on the VI and KM surfaces. EM and AM did not have alterations in their chemical composition after biodegradation. It was concluded that the dental biofilm accumulation in situ on different restorative materials is a material-dependent parameter. Overall, all materials changed after biodegradation: esthetic restorative materials showed increased roughness, confirmed by SEM, and the ionomer materials and silver amalgam showed a significantly higher hardness. Finally, the initial chemical composition of the composite resin and ionomer materials evaluated was significantly altered by the action of the biofilm in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- GC Padovani
- Gislaine C Padovani, DDS, MS, PhD, Dental Materials, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - SBP Fúcio
- Suzana Beatriz P Fúcio, DDS, MS, PhD, Pediatric Dentistry, Herminio Ometto foundation, Uniararas University, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - GMB Ambrosano
- Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, DDS, MS, PhD, Community Dentistry Department, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - MAC Sinhoreti
- Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, DDS, MS, PhD, Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Song YH, Kim MK, Park EJ, Song HJ, Anusavice KJ, Park YJ. Cytotoxicity of alloying elements and experimental titanium alloys by WST-1 and agar overlay tests. Dent Mater 2014; 30:977-83. [PMID: 24946979 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility of nine types of pure metals using 36 experimental prosthetic titanium-based alloys containing 5, 10, 15, and 20wt% of each substituted metal. METHODS The cell viabilities for pure metals on Ti alloys that contain these elements were compared with that of commercially pure (CP) Ti using the WST-1 test and agar overlay test. RESULTS The ranking of pure metal cytotoxicity from most potent to least potent was: Co>Cu>In>Ag>Cr>Sn>Au>Pd>Pt>CP Ti. The cell viability ratios for pure Co, Cu, In, and Ag were 13.9±4.6%, 21.7±10.4%, 24.1±5.7%, and 24.8±6.0%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that for the control group (p<0.05). Pure Pd and Pt demonstrated good biocompatibility with cell viabilities of 93.8±9.6% and 97.2±7.1%, respectively. The Ti-5Pd alloy exhibited the highest cell viability (128.4±21.4%), which was greater than that of CP Ti. By alloying pure Co or Cu with Ti, the cell viabilities for the Ti-xCo and Ti-xCu alloys increased significantly up to 10wt% of the alloying element followed by a gradual decrease with a further increase in the concentration of the alloying element. Based on the agar overlay test, pure Ag, Co, Cr, Cu, and In were ranked as 'moderately cytotoxic', whereas all Ti alloys were ranked as 'noncytotoxic'. SIGNIFICANCE The cytotoxicity of pure Ag, Co, Cr, Cu, and In suggests a need for attention in alloy design. The cytotoxicity of alloying elements became more biocompatible when they were alloyed with titanium. However, the cytotoxicity of titanium alloys was observed when the concentration of the alloying element exceeded its respective allowable limit. The results obtained in this study can serve as a guide for the development of new Ti-based alloy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Song
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kang Kim
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Song
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth J Anusavice
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0415, USA
| | - Yeong-Joon Park
- Department of Dental Materials and MRC for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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Winkler C, Schäfer L, Felthaus O, Allerdings J, Hahnel S, Behr M, Bürgers R. The bacterial adhesion on and the cytotoxicity of various dental cements used for implant-supported fixed restorations. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:241-50. [PMID: 24074394 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.828320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial adhesion on and cytotoxicity of eight luting agents used for implant-supported restorations were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD Surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (SFE) values and three-dimensional images by atomic-force microscopy of circular specimens were determined. Bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus epidermidis were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Adhering bacteria were examined with fluorescence dye CytoX-Violet, stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and visualized by fluorescence-microscopy. Cytotoxicity-testing was done with WST-1-tests (water soluble tetrazolium). No significant differences, neither with regard to Ra nor regarding SFE were determined. RESULTS Adherence of S. sanguinis was less on titanium, TempBondNE and TempBond. TempBond, TempBondNE, RelyX Unicem and Implantlink Semi Classic presented low amounts of S. epidermidis. WST-testing showed high cytotoxic potential of Harvard, Aqualox, TempBondNE and TempBond. No combination of low adherent bacteria with low cytotoxicity was found. CONCLUSION From a biological in-vitro perspective, none of the cements may be recommended for implant-supported restorations.
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Karaarslan ES, Altintas S, Bulbul M, Cebe MA, Usumez A. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of monomers from one composite resin cured with different polymerisation methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307511x12998222918912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Karaarslan
- Department of Operative DentistryFaculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S Altintas
- Department of ProsthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - M Bulbul
- Department of ProsthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - M A Cebe
- Department of Operative DentistryFaculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - A Usumez
- Department of ProsthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Gul P, Miloglu FD, Akgul N. HPLC ANALYSIS OF ELUTED MONOMERS FROM DENTAL COMPOSITE USING DIFFERENT IMMERSION MEDIA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.738619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gul
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirkaya Miloglu
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akgul
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Tadin A, Galic N, Zeljezic D, Mikelic Vitasovic B, Marovic D, Kovacic I. Ex vivo evaluation of genotoxic effects of four dental adhesives on human leukocytes. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Frankenberger R, Garcia-Godoy F, Murray PE, Feilzer AJ, Krämer N. Risk aspects of dental restoratives: From amalgam to tooth-colored materials. World J Stomatol 2013; 2:1-11. [DOI: 10.5321/wjs.v2.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental materials’ choice of patients has considerably changed. Whereas cast gold and amalgam have been the predominant biomaterials for decades, today tooth-colored materials like resin-based composites and ceramics are more and more successful. However, are we going to replace a good but biologically questionable material (amalgam) with an equal material (resin composite) being more esthetic but also biologically questionable For amalgam, long-term clinical studies reported some significant hints that in single cases amalgam may be a health hazard for patients, finally Norway banned amalgam completely. The main advantage of a resin-based composite over amalgam is its tooth-like appearance and more or less absence of extensive preparation rules. For many years it was believed that resin-based composites may cause pulpal injury. However, pulpal injury associated with the use of resin-based composites is not correlated with their cytotoxic properties. Nevertheless, resin-based composites and other dental materials require rigorous safety evaluation and continuous monitoring to prevent adverse events similar like with amalgam. Because of non-biocompatible pulp responses to resin-based composites and amalgam, they should not be placed in direct contact with the dental pulp. The less dentin remaining in the floor of preparations between resin-based composites or other dental materials is more likely to cause pulpitis. Percentage of patients and dental practitioners who display allergic reactions is between 0.7% and 2%. The release of cytotoxic monomers from resin-based materials is highest after polymerization and much lower after 1 wk. Substances released from resin-based composites have been shown to be toxic in cytotoxicity tests. Nevertheless, in vitro cytotoxicity assays have shown that amalgam has greater toxic effects than resin-based composites, sometime 100-700-fold higher. Altogether, the risk of side-effects is low, but not zero, especially for dental personnel.
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Samanidou V, Hadjicharalampous M, Palaghias G, Papadoyannis I. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ISOCRATIC HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL MONOMERS RELEASED FROM DENTAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Samanidou
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - M. Hadjicharalampous
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - G. Palaghias
- b Department of Basic Dental Sciences , School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - I. Papadoyannis
- a Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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33
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Olivier A, Grobler SR, Osman Y. Cytotoxicity of seven recent dentine bonding agents on mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojst.2012.24043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Van Landuyt K, Nawrot T, Geebelen B, De Munck J, Snauwaert J, Yoshihara K, Scheers H, Godderis L, Hoet P, Van Meerbeek B. How much do resin-based dental materials release? A meta-analytical approach. Dent Mater 2011; 27:723-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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KUSDEMIR M, GUNAL S, OZER F, IMAZATO S, IZUTANI N, EBISU S, BLATZ MB. Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of six self-etching adhesives with direct and indirect contact tests. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:799-805. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut KUSDEMIR
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Yeditepe
| | - Solen GUNAL
- Oral and Dental Health Center, International Acibadem Hospital
| | - Fusun OZER
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
| | - Satoshi IMAZATO
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Naomi IZUTANI
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Shigeyuki EBISU
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Markus B BLATZ
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine
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36
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Pulp response to resin-modified glass ionomer and calcium hydroxide cements in deep cavities: A quantitative systematic review. Dent Mater 2010; 26:761-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Hahnel S, Henrich A, Rosentritt M, Handel G, Bürgers R. Influence of artificial ageing on surface properties and Streptococcus mutans adhesion to dental composite materials. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:823-833. [PMID: 19830528 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of artificial ageing on the surface properties and early Streptococcus mutans adhesion to current dental composites for the direct restoration of class II defects. Three hundred and thirty specimens each were prepared from five dental composites, and were randomly allotted to various artificial ageing protocols (storage in distilled water/ethanol/artificial saliva for 7/90/365 days; thermal cycling, 6,000 cycles 5/55 degrees C). Prior and after each treatment, surface roughness (R(a)) and hydrophobicity were determined, and S. mutans adhesion (ATCC 25175; 2.5 h, 37 degrees C) was simulated with and without prior exposition to human whole saliva (2 h, 37 degrees C). Adherence of S. mutans was determined fluorometrically. Means and standard deviations were calculated, and analyzed using three-way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis (alpha = 0.05). For both R(a) and S. mutans adherence to uncoated and saliva-coated specimens, significant influences of the composite material, the ageing medium and the ageing duration have been observed; for surface hydrophobicity, significant influences of the composite material and the ageing duration were found. For uncoated specimens, significant increases in S. mutans adhesion were observed with prolonged artificial ageing, whereas significant decreases in S. mutans adhesion were found for the saliva-coated specimens. The data indicate influences of the artificial ageing method on surface parameters such as R(a) and hydrophobicity as well as microbial adhesion. The results underline the relevance of saliva coating on the outcome of studies simulating microbial adhesion, and highlight differences in the susceptibility of dental composites for the adhesion of oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
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38
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Nocca G, Martorana GE, De Sole P, De Palma F, Callà C, Corsale P, Antenucci M, Gambarini G, Chimenti C, Giardina B, Lupi A. Effects of 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate and urethane dimethacrylate on HL-60 cell metabolism. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:175-81. [PMID: 19320727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of methacrylic monomers present in dental composite resins never reaches completion and therefore the leakage of residual monomers into the oral cavity and into biological fluids can cause local and systemic adverse effects. This work was carried out to study the in vitro biochemical interactions of urethane dimethacrylate and 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate monomers with HL-60 cells, a cell line assumed as an experimental model for simulating granulocyte behaviour. Our main finding was that both monomers induce cell differentiation at toxic concentrations and that cytotoxicity seems to be caused by alterations of glucose metabolism arising from mitochondrial dysfunction rather than from oxidative stress, which could not be altogether verified under our experimental conditions. Our study could be considered as a useful approach to investigate the biochemical mechanisms that contribute to the cytotoxicity of methacrylate compounds and it underlines the importance of assessing such parameters for testing biocompatibility in order to promote the development of better and safer dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Nocca
- Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
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Seiss M, Marquardt W, Hickel R, Reichl FX. Excretion of dental resin monomers and metabolic intermediates via urine in guinea pigs. Dent Mater 2009; 25:481-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Imazato S, Horikawa D, Nishida M, Ebisu S. Effects of monomers eluted from dental resin restoratives on osteoblast-like cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:378-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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FUJISAWA S, KADOMA Y. Prediction of the reduced glutathione (GSH) reactivity of dental methacrylate monomers using NMR spectra-Relationship between toxicity and GSH reactivity. Dent Mater J 2009; 28:722-9. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.28.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
With the long history of use of many materials in dental surgery, biocompatibility concerns are not as great a concern as other issues, such as long-term degradation, mechanical strength problems, and prevention of secondary caries. It is important, however, not to forget that the potential exists for adverse tissue responses to synthetic materials used in repair, augmentation, and repair of natural tissue structures. As new materials and repair techniques become available and the sophistication of cell-level and subcellular response evaluations increases, the concerns to be addressed and the methods to be used may change. The advent of tissue-engineered medical products may mean that new questions must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R St John
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center School of Dentistry, 2500 North State Street, Jackson 39216, USA.
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Taira M, Toguchi MS, Hamada Y, Okazaki M, Takahashi J, Ito R, Toyosawa S, Ijyuin N. Studies on cytotoxicity of nickel ions using C3H10T1/2 fibroblast cells. J Oral Rehabil 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spagnuolo G, D'Antò V, Valletta R, Strisciuglio C, Schmalz G, Schweikl H, Rengo S. Effect of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate on Human Pulp Cell Survival Pathways ERK and AKT. J Endod 2008; 34:684-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Scutt AM, Thornhill MH, Van Noort R. Mucotoxicity of dental composite resins on a tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model. J Dent 2008; 36:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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46
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Nocca G, Lupi A, De Santis F, Giardina B, De Palma F, Chimenti C, Gambarini G, De Sole P. Effect of methacrylic monomers on phagocytes reactive oxygen species: a possible BDDMA modulating action. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:54-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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In vitro and in vivo studies on the toxicity of dental resin components: a review. Clin Oral Investig 2007; 12:1-8. [PMID: 18040729 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-007-0162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies have clearly identified that some components of restorative composite resins, adhesives, and resin-modified glass ionomer cements are toxic. The mechanisms of cytotoxicity are related firstly to the short-term release of free monomers occurring during the monomer-polymer conversion. Secondly, long-term release of leachable substances is generated by erosion and degradation over time. In addition, ion release and proliferation of bacteria located at the interface between the restorative material and dental tissues are also implicated in the tissue response. Molecular mechanisms involve glutathione depletion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as key factors leading to pulp or gingival cell apoptosis. Experimental animal approaches substantiate the occurrence of allergic reactions. There is a large gap between the results published by research laboratories and clinical reports.
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Abstract
Resin-based restorative materials are considered safe for the vast majority of dental patients. Although constituent chemicals such as monomers, accelerators and initiators can potentially leach out of cured resin-based materials after placement, adverse reactions to these chemicals are rare and reaction symptoms commonly subside after removal of the materials. Dentists should be aware of the rare possibility that patients could have adverse reactions to constituents of resin-based materials and be vigilant in observing any adverse reactions after restoration placement. Dentists should also be cognisant of patient complaints about adverse reactions that may result from components of resin-based materials. To minimise monomer leaching and any potential risk of dermatological reactions, resin-based materials should be adequately cured. Dental health care workers should avoid direct skin contact with uncured resin-based materials. Latex and vinyl gloves do not provide adequate barrier protection to the monomers in resin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Fan
- International Science and Standards Division of Science, American Dental Association, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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49
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Moharamzadeh K, Van Noort R, Brook IM, Scutt AM. HPLC analysis of components released from dental composites with different resin compositions using different extraction media. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:133-7. [PMID: 17200823 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Components released from dental composite resins are essential factors in the assessment of biocompatibility of these materials. The effect of different extraction media on monomer release from composite resins based on different monomer types was evaluated. Three types of visible light cured composite resins were formulated based on the following monomers: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA). Seventy-five composite resin discs were fabricated and light cured for 1 min in the absence of oxygen. Extraction media used were: distilled water, saline solution, artificial saliva, serum-free culture medium, and culture medium with 10% fetal calf serum. The analysis of extracts from the composite resins was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Quantifiable amounts of TEGDMA were released into the aqueous media. However, BisGMA and UDMA were not detectable in any of the extracts from the composite resins. Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test showed that there was a significant difference in TEGDMA release between culture media and other media (p < 0.05). From the results of this experiment it can be concluded that TEGDMA-based composite resins can release a high quantity of monomer into aqueous environments. The type of extraction medium may have a significant effect on monomer release from composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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50
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Moharamzadeh K, Van Noort R, Brook IM, Scutt AM. Cytotoxicity of resin monomers on human gingival fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes. Dent Mater 2007; 23:40-4. [PMID: 16426672 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the biological effects of three resin monomers on three human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines and immortalised human keratinocytes. METHODS Primary HGFs and HaCaT keratinocytes were cultured for 24h and grown to sub-confluent monolayers. Resin monomers were dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and diluted with culture medium. Cultures were exposed to different concentrations of monomers (10(-2) to 10mM) for 24h. Cell viability measured by Alamar Blue assay, and cell culture supernatant was examined for the presence of human interlukin-1beta (IL-1beta) using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). TC50 values were calculated from fitted dose-response curves. RESULTS All monomers showed toxic effects on the HGFs and HaCaT cells and inhibited chemical reduction of Alamar Blue in high concentrations. Statistical analysis of TC50 values by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's analysis showed that there is a significant difference in TC50 values between the cell lines (p<0.05), although the rank order of monomer toxicity remained the same for different cell lines. None of these monomers-induced IL-1beta release from HGFs and HaCaT cells. SIGNIFICANCE Dental resin monomers are toxic to human gingival fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes. However, they cannot induce IL-1beta release from these cells by themselves. Alamar Blue assay is a sensitive method for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and it can detect different sensitivities of different cell lines to the resin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK.
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