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World J Ophthalmol. Sep 12, 2026; 10(1): 118802
Published online Sep 12, 2026. doi: 10.5318/wjo.118802
Published online Sep 12, 2026. doi: 10.5318/wjo.118802
Comparing single and multiple laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis enhancements: Factors influencing recurrence safety and efficacy
Adham Harb, Anthony Daher, Yehya Tlaiss, John Warrak, Jennifer Abou Chaar, Nour Jabbour, Majd Haddam, Elias Warrak, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Balamand, Beirut 1100, Beyrouth, Lebanon
Co-first authors: Adham Harb and Anthony Daher.
Author contributions: Harb A designed research and performed research; Daher A contributed new analytic tools and analyzed data; Tlaiss Y designed research and supervised the study; Warrak J performed research; Abou Chaar J performed research; Jabbour N performed research and wrote the paper; Haddam M analyzed data; Warrak E supervised the study. Harb A and Daher A contributed equally to this work as co-first authors.
Institutional review board statement: This is to certify that the IRB/REC of University of Balamand is in compliance with the Ethical Principles in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964, amended 2013), the Belmont Report (1979), the Standards and Operational Guidelines for Ethics Committees (EC) that Review Biomedical Research (WHO, Geneva 2000), the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines (Section E6), the International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans (CJ OMS, Geneva 2016), and applicable local laws and regulations.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.
Data sharing statement: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to institutional and ethical restrictions.
Corresponding author: Yehya Tlaiss, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Balamand, Hazmieh, Beirut 1100, Beyrouth, Lebanon. yehyatlaiss@hotmail.com
Received: January 12, 2026
Revised: February 15, 2026
Accepted: March 19, 2026
Published online: September 12, 2026
Processing time: 242 Days and 3.4 Hours
Revised: February 15, 2026
Accepted: March 19, 2026
Published online: September 12, 2026
Processing time: 242 Days and 3.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study highlights the factors influencing the need for multiple laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) enhancements, including refractive error severity, corneal thickness, and time to recurrence. Patients with mild refractive errors, higher cylindrical errors, and thicker corneas are more likely to require additional procedures. Early recurrence of refractive error serves as a predictor for subsequent enhancements, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection and counseling for long-term LASIK success.