Role of cell-free DNA for predicting incidence and outcome of patients with ischemic stroke

Table 1 Various biomarker panels in different stroke condition

Ref.	Panel	Source of cases	Source of marker	Panel of marker	Sensitivity/specificity (%)
Stamova et al[20], 2010	Gene panel	Ischemic stroke vs control	RNA, whole blood	BCL6, PYGL, RNASE2, S100A9, S100A12, S100P, SLC16A6,ARG1, CA4, CKAP4, ETS-2, HIST2H2AA	93/95
Montaner et al[21], 2008	Protein panel	Cardioembolic vs noncardioembolic stroke	Protein, plasma	D-dimer, BNP	87/85
Laskowitz et al[22], 2009	Protein panel	Ischemic + hemorrhagic stroke vs control	Protein, plasma	BNP, D-dimer, MMP9, S100B	86/37
Jickling and Sharp[23], 2011	Gene panel	Large vessel vs cardioembolic stroke	RNA, Whole Blood	FCRL1, FLJ40125, GRM5, GSTK1, HLA-DOA, IRF6, LHFP, LHFP, LOC284751, LRRC37A3, P2RX5, PIK3C2B, PTPN20A, TFDP1, TMEM19, TSKS, ZNF185, ZNF254, ADAMTSL4, AP3S2	100/96
Barr et al[24], 2010	Gene panel	Ischemic stroke vs control	RNA, whole blood	SCA4, ARG1, S100A12, ORM1, CCR7, CSPG2, IQGAP1, LY96, MMP9, ORM1	-
Montaner et al[25], 2011	Protein panel	Ischemic + hemorrhagic stroke vs control	Protein, plasma	D-dimer, MMP-9, Caspase-3, Chimerin, Secretagogin, sRAGE	17/98
Vanni et al[26], 2011	Protein panel	Ischemic stroke vs control	Protein, whole blood	BNP, D-dimer, MMP9, S100B	86/37
Sharma et al[27], 2014	Protein panel	Ischemic + hemorrhagic stroke vs control	Protein, plasma	S100A12, Metalloproteinase inhibitor-4, Prolactin, Eotaxin, EGFR	90/84

Table 2 The tabulation of the different stroke conditions of cell-free DNA assessment

	Ref.	Disease specification	Source	Nucleic acid type	Outcome of the study
1	Tsai et al[29], 2011	Acute ischemic stroke	Plasma	cfDNA	Elevated plasma cf-nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in acute ischemic stroke patients than healthy controls
2	O’Connell et al[34], 2017	Ischemic stroke	Plasma	cfDNA	Elevated cfDNA in stroke patients relative to those diagnosed as stroke mimics (P = 0.001)
3	Naumann et al[28], 2017	Acute ischemic stroke	Plasma	cfDNA	IVT was associated with improved outcome in patients with cfDNA < 10000 kilogenome-equivalents/L (P < 0.05)
4	Vajpeyee et al[30], 2018	Acute ischemic stroke	Plasma		Higher cfDNA levels were associated with severity at the time of admission (P = 0.003) and poor outcome as measured by modified Rankin scale 3-mo scores (P = 0.001). Therapeutic intervention mechanical thrombectomy or IV thrombolysis associated with improved outcome in patients with cfDNA < 10000 kilogenome equivalents/L (P ≤ 0.01)
5	Kananen et al[36], 2020	Mortality rate	Plasma	cfDNA	cfDNA associated with increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio 0.1 μg increase in cfDNA, P = 0.0003)

cfDNA: Cell-free DNA.