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d-limonene prevents ultraviolet irradiation: Induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in Skh1 mouse skin
Ahmed N Uddin, Feng Wu, Ivica Labuda, Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong, Fredric J Burns, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States
Author contributions: Uddin AN performed the experiments; Uddin AN and Wu F wrote the paper; Wu F and Tchou-Wong KM analyzed the data; Labuda I contributed reagents; Tchou-Wong KM, Labuda I and Burns FJ designed the study; Burns FJ supervised the study and revised the paper.
Supported by NCI Center Grant CA16087 (NYU Kaplan Cancer); NIEHS Center Grant (Nelson Institute of the NYU School of Medicine) and Biokeys for Flavors, LLC, No. ES00260
Correspondence to: Fredric J Burns, PhD, Professor, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States. fredric.burns@nyumc.org
Telephone: +1-845-7313596 Fax: +1-845-3515472
Received: February 22, 2014
Revised: May 28, 2014
Accepted: June 27, 2014
Published online: August 2, 2014
Revised: May 28, 2014
Accepted: June 27, 2014
Published online: August 2, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: Skh-1 hairless mice were given 4 daily 20 μL aliquots of different concentrations of d-limonene, and then irradiated to a single ultraviolet irradiation. Skin samples from the ultraviolet-exposed area of mice showed that ultraviolet irradiation induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers formation, N-myc downstream regulating gene 1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, pretreatment of d-limonene significantly reduced these responses. Pure d-limonene also induced the expression of epidermal barrier protein filaggrin. In conclusion, d-limonene protected the mice skin from UV-induced DNA photodamage and sunburn in mice skin.