Ipsilateral femur and tibia fractures in pediatric patients: A systematic review

Table 1 Patient demographics and characteristics

Characteristics	n (%)
No. of patients	97
Age (yr)	9.3
Follow up (mo)	39.99
Open fracture	48
Tibia	27
Gustillo Anderson 1	5 (18.52)
Gustillo Anderson 2	11 (40.74)
Gustillo Anderson 3a	7 (25.92)
Gustillo Anderson 3b	2 (7.41)
Gustillo Anderson 3c	2 (7.41)
Femur	10
Gustillo Anderson 1	4 (40.00)
Gustillo Anderson 2	2 (20.00)
Gustillo Anderson 3a	2 (20.00)
Gustillo Anderson 3b	1 (10.00)
Gustillo Anderson 3c	1 (10.00)
Not specified	11
Fracture pattern
Tibia	97
Diaphysis	75 (77.32)
Metaphysis	9 (9.28)
Epiphysis	13 (13.40)
Femur	97
Diaphysis	73 (75.26)
Metaphysis	15 (15.46)
Epiphysis	9 (9.28)
Management
ORIF femur and non-operative tibia	14
ORIF tibia and non-operative femur	12
ORIF tibia and femur	19
Non-operative tibia and femur	52

ORIF: Open reduction internal fixation.

Table 2 Complications

Characteristics	n (%)
Limb length discrepancy	32
Overgrowth	24 (75.00)
Undergrowth	8 (25.00)
Non-union	7
Femur	3 (42.86)
Tibia	4 (57.14)
Mal-union	20
Femur	11 (55.00)
Tibia	9 (45.00)
Infection	9
2nd surgery	13
Premature physeal closure	3

Table 3 Univariate analysis

Characteristics	mean	P
Age (yr)		< 0.001
ORIF femur and non-operative tibia	11.47
ORIF tibia and non-operative femur	10.07
ORIF tiba and femur	11.45
Non-operative tibia and femur	7.7
Length of stay (d)		0.001
ORIF femur and non-operative tibia	27.26
ORIF tibia and non-operative femur	100.86
ORIF tiba and femur	18
Non-operative tibia and femur	37.35
Limb length discrepancy overgrowth (mm)		0.372
ORIF femur and non-operative tibia	1.37
ORIF tibia and non-operative femur	1.9
ORIF tiba and femur	2.27
Non-operative tibia and femur	2.81
Limb length discrepancy undergrowth (mm)		0.514
ORIF femur and non-operative tibia	1.2
ORIF tibia and non-operative femur	6
ORIF tiba and femur	2.7
Non-operative tibia and femur	2.75

ORIF: Open reduction internal fixation.