Ankle fracture configuration following treatment with and without arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation

Table 1 Patients’ baseline data

	Arthroscopic-assiste d reduction and internal fixation	Open reduction and internal fixation	P value
Number	16	29
Age (yr)1	47.8 ± 16.3	45.0 ± 16.8	0.590
Male/female	5/11	19/10	0.0352
Lauge-Hansen Supination/ pronation	14/2	19/10	0.164
Bone mineral density test	7 (43.8%)	3 (10.3%)	0.0212

¹Mean ± SD;

²Significant difference.

Table 2 Radiographic outcomes

	Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation	Open reduction and internal fixation	P value
Meticulous grading
Anatomic (step/gap ≤ 1.0 mm)	8 (50%)	8 (27.6%)	0.539
Good (step/gap = 1.1-2.0 mm)	4 (25%)	9 (31.0%)
Fair (step/gap = 2.1-3.0 mm)	2 (12.5%)	5 (17.2%)
Poor (step/gap > 3.0 mm)	2 (12.5%)	7 (24.1%)
General grading
Acceptable (step/gap ≤ 2.0 mm)	12 (75.0%)	17 (58.6%)	0.341
Unacceptable (step/gap > 2.0 mm)	4 (25.0%)	12 (41.4%)

Table 3 Arthritic changes following the surgical treatments

Treatmentgroups	Arthritic changes1
	None	Mild	Moderate	Significance	P value
Arthroscopic- assisted reduction and internal fixation	2 (25%)	3 (37.5%)	0	3 (37.5%)	0.3
Open reduction and internal fixation	2 (16.7%)	6 (50%)	3 (25%)	1 (8.3%)
Total	4 (20%)	9 (45%)	3 (15%)	4 (20%)

¹Arthritic changes was described as mild (presence of osteophyte), moderate (narrowing of joint space), and significance (presence of osteophyte associated with narrowing of joint space).

Table 4 Bone mineral density test and related parameters

	Patients with BMD tests (n = 10)	Patients without BMD tests (n = 35)	P value
Age (yr)1	64.2 ± 9.4	40.8 ± 14.3	< 0.0012
Male/female	2/8	22/13	0.0292
Lauge-Hansen Supination/ pronation	9/1	24/11	0.246
ORIF/ARIF	3/7	26/9	0.0212

¹Mean ± SD;

²Significant difference. ARIF: Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation; BMD: Bone mineral density; ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation.

Table 5 Arthroscopic findings in arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation patients

Findings	Number of patients (%)
Osteochondral lesions
Talus	10 (62.5%)
Tibial plafond	1 (6.3%)
Modified outerbridge classification (talar lesion)
Grade I	1 (6.3%)
Grade II	4 (25%)
Grade III	3 (18.8%)
Grade IV	2 (12.5%)
Synovitis	15 (93.7%)
Lateral	1 (6.3%)
Medial and lateral	11 (68.8%)
Unspecified	3 (18.8%)
Ligamentous injury
None	6 (37.5%)
AITFL	6 (37.5%)
AITFL-PITFL	2 (12.5%)
AITFL-Deep deltoid	2 (12.5%)

ARIF: Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation; AITFL: Anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament; PTFL: Posteroinferior tibiofibular ligament.