Cleft foot: A case report and review of literature

Table 1 Surgical interventions in patients with cleft foot according to different authors

Authors	Number of patients/feet	Surgery, technique	Results
Sumiya et al[12]	8/16	Reconstruction of five toes: Closing of defect; creation of third toe by double pedicle flaps from the cleft area; separating third and fourth toes to create five toes by using free skin grafts from the skin defects	Excellent results in terms of both the function and the aesthetics
Wood et al[13]	9/15	Triangular flaps, in addition metatarsal osteotomies, intermetatarsal ligament reconstruction, fixation by Kirschner wires	The feet maintained good cosmetic and function
Choudry et al[14]	3/5	Removal of central wedge of skin; excision of central metatarsal; lateral release of the adductors and capsule of hallux metatarsophalangeal joint; osteotomy of fifth metatarsal; fixation by Kirschner wire; soft tissue syndactylization	All patients were happy with the cosmetic results
Tani et al[15]	21/32	Simple closure, silicone block insertion, application of a double-pedicled flap	Only 1 patient of 14 with long-term follow-up complained of pain following walking
Talusan et al[16]	1/2	Suture-button construct	Positive result
Lejman et al[17]	3/5	Wedge resection of the metatarsals with screw fixation and skin syndactyly	All patients were satisfied
Abraham et al[18]	16/32	Soft-tissue syndactylism, partial hallux valgus correction; soft-tissue syndactylism with first-ray osteotomy; first-ray amputation	23 of the 24 procedures performed gave a satisfactory result
Sunagawa et al[20]	1/1	Microvascular toe transfer from a contralateral side that was amputated	Longitudinal growth of the grafted toe was symmetric, compared to the recipient toes, and the appearance of the treated foot was quite natural