Mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis

Table 1 Summary of studies using mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis

Ref.	Type of study	Type of cells	Significance
Wakitani et al[33]	Case and control study	Autologous BMSCs from Iliac crest	Autologous BMSCs cell implants are effective for treating OA cartilage defects in humans, producing hyaline like cartilage
Centeno et al[26]	Case study	Autologous BMSCs from Iliac crest	Autologous BMSCs can be introduced by intra-articular injections into an osteoarthritic knee promotes cartilage regeneration and reduction pain
Buda et al[23]	Case series	Autologous BMSCs from Iliac crest	One-step repair technique utilising bone-marrow concentrate is a simple and time-efficient way to treat large chondral defects
Koh et al[34]	Case and control study	Autologous AMSCs from infrapatellar fat pad	Intra-articular injections of AMSCs are a safe treatment option, reducing pain and improving the function of knee OA patients
Wong et al[28]	Randomized control trial	Autologous BMSCs from Iliac crest	Postoperative intra-articular injections of autologous BMSCs improves the MOCART outcomes of patients with varus knees undergoing HTO and microfracture
Vangsness et al[30]	Randomized, double-blind, controlled study	Allogenic BMSCs from 18-30 years old donors	Postoperative intra-articular injections of allogenic BMSCs contribute to meniscus regeneration and reduction in pain following medial meniscectomy
Jo et al[29]	Cohort study	Autologous AMSCs from abdominal subcutaneous fats	Cartilage regeneration and pain reduction is significantly improved when high amounts of AMSCs are injected into OA knees compared with low amounts
Sekiya et al[35]	Therapeutic study	Autologous synovial MSCs	Localized synovial MSCs can be used to treat cartilage defects resulting in hyaline like cartilage and improved pain scores

AMSCs: Adipose-derived MSCs; BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived MSCs; HTO: High tibial osteotomy; MOCART: Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; OA: Osteoarthritis.