Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses flow diagram showing methods of study recruitment. COVID-19 +: Coronavirus disease 2019 infected.

Figure 2 Forest-plot diagram showing preoperative morbidity, time to surgery and use of general anesthesia among hip-fractured patients during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. A: Preoperative morbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade); B: Time to surgery; C: General anesthesia. COVID: Coronavirus disease 2019.

Figure 3 Forest-plot diagram showing 30-d mortality among hip-fractured patients in these two time frames. A: Thirty-day mortality rate in hip-fractured patient during pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 periods; B: Thirty-day mortality rate in hip-fractured patient managed during pre-COVID-19 time vs COVID-19 non-infected hip-fractured patients managed during COVID-19 time; C: Thirty-day mortality rate in COVID-19 infected and COVID-19 non-infected hip-fractured patients managed during COVID-19 pandemic time. COVID: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID +: COVID-19 infected; COVID –: COVID-19 non-infected.

Figure 4 Forest-plot diagram showing length of hospital stay, overall complications, and respiratory complications among hip-fractured patients during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. A: Length of hospital stay; B: Major complications; C: Pulmonary complications. COVID: Coronavirus disease 2019.