Gastrointestinal microbiota in treatment of gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer by Western and traditional Chinese medicine

Table 1 Mechanisms of action of probiotic strains

Probiotic strain(s)	Mechanism of action	Evidence	Ref.
Lactobacillus paracasei and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus	Microbiota restoration	Double-blind RCT	FitzGerald et al[61]
Bifidobacterium Tetragenous	Microbiota restoration	Multicenter RCT	He et al[62]
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Saccharomyces	Efficacy and safety enhancement	Observational study	Casas Deza et al[63]
Lactobacillus plantarum MH-301, L. rhamnosus LGG-18, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LPL-RH	Anti-inflammatory effect, barrier protection, immune modulation	Clinical and in vivo study	Zheng et al[64]
Parabacteroides goldsteinii MTS01	Anti-inflammatory and anti-H. pylori effects	In vivo study	Lai et al[65]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB3	Anti-H. pylori effect, host membrane modulation	In vitro study	Do et al[66]
Lactobacillus crispatus FSCDJY67 L3	Symptom relief, anti-H. pylori effect	Double-blind RCT	Hong et al[67]
Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus rhamnosus	Microbiota restoration, anti-inflammatory effect	In vivo study	He et al[68]
Weizmannia coagulans BCF-01	Microbiota restoration, anti-inflammatory effect, pyroptosis reduction	In vitro and in vivo study	Chen et al[69]
Lactobacillus gasseri BIO6369 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus BIO5326	Anti-inflammatory and anti-H. pylori effects	In vitro study	Jauvain et al[70]
Lacticaseibacillus pacasei	Microbiota restoration, anti-inflammatory and anti-H. pylori effects, host cell modulation	In vitro and in vivo study	Yao et al[71]
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316	Microbiota restoration, anti-inflammatory effect, barrier protection	In vivo study	Wu et al[72]

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; RCT: Randomized control trial.