Vitamin D deficiency in prostate cancer: Prevalence in a sun-rich climate and influence of androgen deprivation therapy

Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristic	Value
Mean age	74 ± 9.5
Mean BMI	27.60 ± 5.36
Stage 2 disease (n = 120)	20 (16.67)
Stage 3 disease (n = 120)	25 (20.83)
Stage 4 disease (n = 120)	75 (62.5)
Percent mCSPC from stage 4 (n = 75)	47 (63.4)
Percent mCRPC from stage 4 (n = 75)	28 (36.6)
Hispanic (n = 120)	23 (19)
Asian (n = 120)	25 (20.7)
Non-Hispanic White (n = 120)	69 (57)
Black (n = 120)	4 (3.3)
Median serum vitamin D level (ng/mL)	35.4 (7.8-120)
Vitamin D deficiency at diagnosis (%) (< 20 ng/mL)	12.50

BMI: Body mass index; mCSPC: Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer; mCRPC: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Table 2 Vitamin D deficiency by cancer stage, n (%)

Stage	Deficiency rate (%)
Stage 2 (n = 20)	2 (10)
Stage 3 (n = 25)	2 (8)
Overall stage 4 (n = 75)	11 (14.7)
mCSPC stage 4 (n = 47)	10 (21.3)
mCRPC stage 4 (n = 28)	8 (28.6)

mCSPC: Metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer; mCRPC: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Table 3 Vitamin D deficiency by race/ethnicity, n (%)

Stage	Deficiency rate (%)
Hispanic (n = 22)	7 (31.8)
Black (n = 6)	2 (33.3)
Non-Hispanic White (n = 58)	4 (6.9)
Asian (n = 28)	8 (7.1)

Table 4 Correlation between vitamin D levels and clinical variables

Variable	Correlation (r)	P value
Vitamin D vs stage	0.07	0.46
Vitamin D vs BMI	-0.14	0.13
Vitamin D vs age	0.23	0.013

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 5 Androgen deprivation therapy duration by vitamin D level and cancer stage

Vitamin D level group	Duration of ADT therapy (months), median (IQR)
Overall	18 (10-33.5)
< 30 ng/mL	18 (10-41)
30-49 ng/mL	18 (8-30)
≥ 50 ng/mL	20 (14-28)
Stage 2 and 3	14 (8-20)
Stage 4	21 (12-39)

IQR: Interquartile range; ADT: Androgen deprivation therapy.

Table 6 Pre-androgen deprivation therapy vs post-androgen deprivation therapy vitamin D levels, mean ± SD

Category	Pre-ADT	Post-ADT	P value
Overall pre-ADT vs post-ADT	36 ± 20	38 ± 19	0.45
Winter diagnosis	38 ± 20	42 ± 18	0.3
Summer diagnosis	34 ± 20	34 ± 21	0.95
Older adults (≥ 65 years)	39 ± 20	41 ± 21	0.7
Stage 4	35 ± 20	37 ± 20	0.53

ADT: Androgen deprivation therapy.