Predictors of survival in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: An updated surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based analysis of age and gender disparities

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of United States patients diagnosed with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma between 2010 and 2021

Characteristics	n	%
Race
NH-White	1540	62.78
NH-Black	294	11.99
Hispanic	359	14.64
Other	260	10.60
Gender
Female	1234	50.31
Male	1219	49.69
Age at diagnosis (years)
0-39	105	4.28
40-59	704	28.70
60-79	1286	52.43
80+	358	14.59
Marital status
Married	1465	59.72
Single	441	17.98
Divorced/separated	241	9.82
Widowed	306	12.47
Tumor stage
Localized	1964	80.07
Regional	262	10.68
Distant	227	9.25
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1506	61.39
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	553	22.54
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	173	7.05
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	118	4.81
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	103	4.20
Income per year
< $40000	36	1.47
$40000-59999	320	13.05
$60000-79999	902	36.77
$80000-99999	730	29.76
$100000+	465	18.96
Radiation
No	1362	55.52
Yes	1091	44.48
Chemotherapy
No	2163	88.18
Yes	290	11.82
Surgery
No	35	1.43
Yes	2418	98.57
Year of diagnosis
2010	222	9.05
2011	185	7.54
2012	209	8.52
2013	198	8.07
2014	225	9.17
2015	218	8.89
2016	228	9.29
2017	202	8.23
2018	209	8.52
2019	179	7.30
2020	194	7.91
2021	184	7.50

Table 2 Crude analysis of factors associated with all-cause mortality and cancer related mortality among United States patients diagnosed with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma between 2010 and 2021

Characteristics	Overall mortality. Crude proportional. Hazard ratio (95%CI)	Cancer related mortality. Crude proportional. Hazard ratio (95%CI)
Race
NH-White	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
NH-Black	1.16 (0.90-1.50)	1.43 (0.85-2.40)
Hispanic	0.80 (0.61-1.05)	1.12 (0.66-1.91)
Other	0.65 (0.46-0.92)	1.62 (0.96-2.72)
Gender
Female	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Male	1.30 (1.09-1.54)b	1.29 (0.90-1.85)
Age at diagnosis (years)
0-39	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
40-59	1.01 (0.50-2.02)	1.10 (0.25-4.80)
60-79	2.34 (1.21-4.55)a	2.55 (0.62-10.43)
80+	8.04 (4.12-15.71)b	7.64 (1.85-31.61)b
Marital status
Married	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Single	1.39 (1.09-1.77)b	1.59 (1.00-2.52)
Divorced/separated	1.85 (1.41-2.43)b	1.43 (0.78-2.60)
Widowed	2.80 (2.26-3.49)b	2.03 (1.25-3.28)b
Tumor stage
Localized	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Regional	1.07 (0.80-1.43)	2.29 (1.38-3.82)b
Distant	1.78 (1.38-2.29)b	5.25 (3.50-7.88)b
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	1.17 (0.95-1.44)	0.86 (0.55-1.35)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	1.23 (0.89-1.70)	0.56 (0.23-1.38)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.01 (0.68-1.53)	0.91 (0.40-2.09)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	1.10 (0.72-1.68)	0.71 (0.26-1.94)
Income per year
< $40000	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
$40000-59999	0.59 (0.34-1.02)	0.55 (0.16-1.88)
$60000-79999	0.51 (0.30-0.86)a	0.60 (0.19-1.93)
$80000-99999	0.46 (0.27-0.78)b	0.57 (0.18-1.87)
$100000+	0.43 (0.25-0.75)b	0.64 (0.19-2.14)
Radiation
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	0.69 (0.58-0.83)b	0.54 (0.37-0.79)b
Chemotherapy
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	1.26 (1.01-1.59)a	2.76 (1.87-4.08)b
Surgery
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	1.22 (0.61-2.46)	1.04 (0.26-4.22)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

Table 3 Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of factors affecting all-cause mortality and cancer related mortality among United States patients diagnosed with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma between 2010 and 2021¹

Characteristics	Overall Mortality. Adjusted proportional. Hazard ratio (95%CI)	Cancer related mortality. Adjusted proportional. Hazard ratio (95%CI)
Race
NH-White	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
NH-Black	1.28 (0.98-1.67)	1.54 (0.89-2.67)
Hispanic	0.94 (0.71-1.25)	1.13 (0.65-1.99)
Other	0.88 (0.62-1.26)	2.18 (1.24-3.83)b
Gender
Female	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Male	1.61 (1.33-1.93)b	1.54 (1.04-2.27)a
Age at diagnosis (years)
0-39	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
40-59	1.18 (0.58-2.37)	1.31 (0.30-5.82)
60-79	2.75 (1.40-5.41)b	3.19 (0.76-13.39)
80+	9.23 (4.62-18.46)b	12.53 (2.88-54.51)b
Marital status
Married	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Single	1.62 (1.25-2.08)b	1.86 (1.14-3.02)a
Divorced/separated	1.93 (1.46-2.55)b	1.60 (0.86-2.98)
Widowed	1.64 (1.28-2.11)b	1.16 (0.67-2.02)
Tumor stage
Localized	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Regional	1.10 (0.82-1.47)	1.97 (1.16-3.36)a
Distant	1.78 (1.34-2.35)b	4.74 (2.93-7.68)b
Living area
Counties in metropolitan areas of 1 million persons	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 to 1 million persons	1.04 (0.84-1.30)	0.86 (0.54-1.39)
Counties in metropolitan areas of 250000 persons	0.99 (0.68-1.43)	0.56 (0.21-1.52)
Nonmetropolitan counties adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.72 (0.45-1.15)	0.85 (0.32-2.25)
Nonmetropolitan counties not adjacent to a metropolitan area	0.68 (0.40-1.15)	0.54 (0.16-1.90)
Income per year
< $40000	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
$40000-59999	0.35 (0.19-0.67)b	0.42 (0.10-1.78)
$60000-79999	0.29 (0.15-0.56)b	0.34 (0.08-1.49)
$80000-99999	0.27 (0.14-0.53)b	0.31 (0.07-1.42)
$100000+	0.23 (0.11-0.47)b	0.30 (0.06-1.42)
Radiation
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	0.78 (0.64-0.94)b	0.78 (0.52-1.17)
Chemotherapy
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	0.99 (0.76-1.29)	1.47 (0.91-2.39)
Surgery
No	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
Yes	1.10 (0.54-2.23)	0.75 (0.18-3.13)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

¹Variables included in the multivariate model were age at diagnosis, gender, annual income, marital status, tumor stage, radiation, and chemotherapy.

Table 4 Multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses of factors affecting all-cause mortality and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma related mortality among United States patients between 2010 and 2021 taking into account the interaction between age category and gender

Age category (Gender)	OM, hazard ratio (95%CI)	CSM, hazard ratio (95%CI)
00-39 (male)	0.44 (0.11-1.79)	0.56 (0.04-9.15)
40-59 (male)	3.05 (0.70-13.26)	1.51 (0.78-29.19)
60-79 (male)	3.92 (0.95-16.11)	2.88 (1.69-49.14)
80+ (male)	3.73 (0.89-15.56)	3.54 (1.99-62.68)

CSM: Cancer-specific mortality; OM: Overall mortality.