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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Predictors of survival in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: An updated surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based analysis of age and gender disparities
Ayrton I Bangolo, Khaled Sharaan, Behzad Amoozgar, Shruti Wadhwani, Lili Zhang, Nikita Wadhwani, Vignesh K Nagesh, Jay Mehta, Rishabh Goyal, Gia DeRose, Sarvarinder Gill, Courtney Christoforo, Swapnika Mallipeddi, Selbin Boban, Shubham Madan, Budoor Alqinai, Timophyll YH Fong, Simcha Weissman, Pierre Fwelo
Ayrton I Bangolo, Behzad Amoozgar, Lili Zhang, Sarvarinder Gill, Department of Hematology and Oncology, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States
Khaled Sharaan, Shruti Wadhwani, Nikita Wadhwani, Vignesh K Nagesh, Jay Mehta, Rishabh Goyal, Gia DeRose, Courtney Christoforo, Swapnika Mallipeddi, Selbin Boban, Shubham Madan, Budoor Alqinai, Timophyll YH Fong, Simcha Weissman, Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States
Pierre Fwelo, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, United States
Author contributions: Bangolo AI, Sharaan K, Amoozgar B, Wadhwani S, Zhang LL, Wadhwani N, Nagesh VK, Mehta J, Goyal R, DeRose G, Gill S, Christoforo C, Mallipeddi S, Boban S, Madan S, Alqinai B, Fong TYH, Weissman S, Fwelo P wrote and edited the manuscript; Weissman S revised and approved the final version. All authors certify that they contributed sufficiently to the intellectual content and data analysis. Each author has reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approves it for publication.
Institutional review board statement: Institutional Review Board approval was waived because the data analyzed in this study was derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database which contains publicly available de-identified patient data.
Informed consent statement: The need for obtaining informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board as the de-identified patient data analyzed in this study is publicly available within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors report no conflicts of interest.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement- checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Ayrton I Bangolo, Department of Hematology and Oncology, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, 92 2nd Street, Hackensack, NJ 07601, United States.
ayrtonbangolo@yahoo.com
Received: February 26, 2025
Revised: April 9, 2025
Accepted: May 13, 2025
Published online: June 24, 2025
Processing time: 114 Days and 1.5 Hours
BACKGROUND
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a subtype of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, typically occurring in mucosal sites such as the stomach, salivary glands, and lungs. This study aims to analyze the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma in the United States and evaluate the interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes.
AIM
To analyze the demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with gastric MALT lymphoma in the United States and evaluate the interaction between age and gender on survival outcomes.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, which included 2453 patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma from 2010 to 2021. Data were analyzed for demographic factors, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictors of overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality.
RESULTS
The study predominantly included Non-Hispanic White patients (62.78%), with nearly equal gender distribution (50.31% females, 49.69% males), and most diagnoses occurring in individuals aged 60-79 years. The majority of tumors were localized (80.07%). Multivariate analysis identified older age, male gender, advanced tumor stage, and socioeconomic factors—such as annual income and marital status—as independent predictors of mortality. No significant interaction between age and gender on mortality outcomes was observed.
CONCLUSION
Sociodemographic factors, including advanced age, male gender, annual income, and marital status, as well as advanced tumor stage, significantly impacted survival outcomes in patients with MALT lymphoma. Radiotherapy was associated with a reduction in overall mortality. Early detection is crucial for optimizing outcomes, as localized disease responds well to available treatment modalities.
Core Tip: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are challenging to diagnose due to their varied organ involvement and diverse clinical presentation. Through our population-based analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified several sociodemographic factors that predicted survival in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. Older age, male gender, advanced disease stage, annual income, and marital status were independent predictors of mortality. Radiotherapy reduced the risk of overall mortality by 22%. No interaction between age and male gender was observed in mortality outcomes. Further studies examining the effects of covariate interactions on survival are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of this malignancy and improve patient outcomes.
